OSCE: HD-RPD-UZ

Nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar huqulari to’g’risidagi

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@0ced7a18c2374227ac16e09a53e9d6e7" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9ae659c2511648c7be24ba646238d542"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9ae659c2511648c7be24ba646238d542" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK ning qarashlari</h3> <p>Nogironlarning inson huquqlarini ta'minlash bo'yicha chora-tadbirlar ko'rish turli shakllarda bo'lishi va keng doiradagi ishtirokchilar va institutlarni jalb qilishi mumkin.</p> <p>Inson huquqlari to'g'risidagi shartnomalar jamiyatdagi o'zgarishlarga ta'sir ko'rsatishi va o'ylangan targ'ibotni rejalashtirish, rejani puxtalik bilan amalga oshirish va reja maqsadlariga erishishning doimiy monitoringi bilan o'zgartiruvchi kuch bo'lishi mumkin. Inson huquqlari targʻiboti xalq taʼlimi, ommaviy axborot vositalari faoliyati, lobbichilik va siyosiy faoliyat, huquqiy targʻibot va monitoringdagi keng koʻlamli taktikalarni oʻz ichiga oladi.</p> <p>Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya qabul qilinishidan oldin nogironlar huquqlarini qamrab oladigan yuridik jihatdan majburiy bo'lgan xalqaro shartnoma mavjud emas edi. 70-yillarda va 90-yillarda majburiy boʻlmagan baʼzi hujjatlar mavjud edi, biroq ular huquqlarga asoslangan, majburiy boʻlmagan, kam maʼlum yoki foydalanilmagan.</p> <p>Milliy darajada amalga oshirish va monitoring qilish uchun NHK tomonidan taqdim etilgan qarashlar keng qamrovli va potentsial o'zgaruvchandir. Lekin, albatta, u faqat ishtirokchi davlatlar tomonidan qabul qilinsa va nogironlar jamoat tashkilotlari (NJT), xalqaro rivojlanish sub'ektlari va inson huquqlarini himoya qilish milliy institutlari va mexanizmlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlansagina ishlaydi.</p> <p>Konventsiya nafaqat inson huquqlari bo'yicha shartnomalar bilan tanish bo'lgan milliy qonunchilikni isloh qilish va uning qoidalarini ichki kiritish bo'yicha bir qator umumiy majburiyatlarni belgilaydi, balki nogironlik huquqlarini himoya qilish va harakatlarga kompleks yondashuv uchun asos ham beradi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/4b8cf4c4dbad2a2b1b9784f769164070/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Surveillance_re_8tkl.png" alt="Monitoring" /></p> <p>Xo'sh, monitoring nima?</p> <p>NHKni amalga oshirishning ushbu kontekstida monitoringni oddiygina <strong>tekshirish</strong> yoki <strong>kuzatish</strong> deb atash mumkin . Shunday qilib, monitor quyidagi kabi asosiy savollarni so'raydi:</p> <ul> <li>Davlat NHK bo'yicha o'z majburiyatlarini bajaradimi?</li> <li>Davlat shartnoma majburiyatlarini bajaryaptimi? Agar yo'q bo'lsa, nima uchun?</li> <li>Davlat nimani yaxshiroq qila oladi va uni yaxshilash uchun qanday choralar ko'rishi mumkin?</li> </ul> <p>*<em>Nogironlar uchun imkoniyatlarni tenglashtirish bo'yicha standart qoidalar</em></p> <p>*<em>Ruhiy kasalliklar tamoyillari - ruhiy kasallikka chalingan shaxslarni himoya qilish va ruhiy salomatlikni yaxshilash tamoyillari (RK Tamoyillari)</em></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@003a13066c1248bbbcf4bbd9d60d148e"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@003a13066c1248bbbcf4bbd9d60d148e" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK monitoringi va amalga oshirish talablari</h3> <p>Qanday qilib nogironlar huquqlarini himoya qilish harakatlari ishtirokchi-davlatlarni NHK majburiyatlari bo'yicha javobgarlikka tortishi mumkin?</p> <p>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa konventsiyalar singari, NHK ham monitoring va amalga oshirish majburiyatlarini yaratadi, bu nafaqat ishtirokchi davlatlar, balki nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlar (NNT), inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy institutlar, xalqaro tashkilotlar va boshqalar uchun ham ta'sir ko'rsatadi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/7a5269604c2ea461108ffdd03e3f616a/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_tasks_re_v2v4.png" alt="Monitoring and implementation" /></p> <p><strong>"Monitoring"</strong>- bu davlatlar haqiqatda shartnomaning o'ziga xos talablariga javob berishini aniqlash uchun kuzatish yoki tekshirish jarayonini anglatadi. Davlatlar o'zlarining monitoring faoliyatini amalga oshirish uchun mas'uldirlar va bundan tashqari, davlatlar mustaqil monitoring, masalan, inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy komissiya tomonidan ham amalga oshirilishini ta'minlashi kerak. NNTlar, shuningdek, davlat tomonidan shartnoma majburiyatlarini bajarishini qo'shimcha tekshirish sifatida muhim, mustaqil monitoring roliga ega.</p> <p><strong>“Amalga oshirish”</strong>deganda shartnoma majburiyatlarining amalda bajarilishi tushuniladi. Bu ishtirokchi-davlat shartnoma majburiyatlarini qabul qilgandan keyin amalga oshirilishi kerak bo'lgan harakatdir. NHK kabi keng qamrovli inson huquqlari shartnomasida amalga oshirish shartnoma majburiyatlarining kuchga kirishini ko'rish bilan bog'liq barcha jarayonlarni, jumladan, qonun va siyosatni isloh qilish, o'qitish, doimiy monitoring va yangi sharoitlarga moslashishni va bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirilishini ta'minlashni o'z ichiga oladi. iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy huquqlar.. </p> <p>NHKning 31-40-moddalari shartnomani monitoring qilish va amalga oshirish qoidalarini belgilaydi. Ular ishtirokchi-davlatlarning NHKda bayon etilgan inson huquqlari bo'yicha aniq majburiyatlarini bajarish usullarini osonlashtirish va ular buni qanday amalga oshirayotganini tizimli kuzatib borish uchun mo'ljallangan. Ushbu amalga oshirish vositalarining ba'zilari yangi va innovatsion bo'lib, inson huquqlari monitoringi mexanizmlarining izchil rivojlanishini ifodalaydi. </p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bcbda9bfa8c14342ae9ddda62d2e59a2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bcbda9bfa8c14342ae9ddda62d2e59a2" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK monitoringining asosiy qoidalari</h3> <p>Quyidagi qism NHKning monitoringa tegishli asosiy qoidalarini belgilaydi:</p> <p><strong>Amalga oshirishni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun NHK asosiy qoidalari</strong></p> <ul> <li>31-modda - Statistika va ma'lumotlarni to'plash</li> <li>32-modda - Xalqaro hamkorlik</li> </ul> <p><strong>Monitoring va amalga oshirish bo'yicha NHKning asosiy qismlari</strong></p> <ul> <li>33-modda - Milliy amalga oshirish va monitoring</li> <li>34-modda - Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita</li> <li>35-modda- Ishtirokchi-davlatlarning ma'ruzalari</li> <li>36-modda - Ma'ruzalarni ko'rib chiqish</li> <li>40-modda - Ishtirokchi-davlatlar konferensiyasi</li> </ul> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/aed6cf88aaf154730c41a97b3d49920a/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Meeting_re_i53h.png" alt="Reporting" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@228f148c6e2f4d9797c89147085e3ad3"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@228f148c6e2f4d9797c89147085e3ad3" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK hisobot majburiyatlari</h3> <p>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa konventsiyalar singari, NHK ham davlatlar o'zlarining shartnoma majburiyatlarini bajarishdagi muvaffaqiyatlarini nazorat qilishlarini ta'minlash uchun muhim majburiyatlarni o'z ichiga oladi:</p> <ul> <li>Ishtirokchi davlatlar NHKning muvofiqlik mexanizmlarida milliy va xalqaro darajada ishtirok etishlari shart.</li> <li>Fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlari, ayniqsa, nogironlar jamoat tashkilotlari (NJT) va boshqa inson huquqlari guruhlarining roli davlatlarning NHKga qanday rioya qilishlarini mustaqil monitoring qilishdan iborat. Bunday targ'ibot turli shakllarda bo'lishi mumkin.</li> </ul> <p>NHK doirasida belgilangan hisobot majburiyati 35-moddada va undan keyingi moddalarda 35-moddada, Yevropa Ittifoqini mintaqaviy integratsiya tashkiloti sifatida o'z ichiga olgan NHKning har bir ishtirokchi-davlati nazarda tutilgan.</p> <p>Ushbu ratifikatsiya qiluvchi tomonlarning barchasi NHKni amalga oshirish bo'yicha ko'rilgan chora-tadbirlar to'g'risida to'liq hisobot taqdim etishlari kerak.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/6392cf03ff4dbf65746c688cc5942217/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Email_campaign_re_m6k5.png" alt="CRPD Reporting obligations" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@acc5907ec4c244028acd6a7a1e70c142"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@acc5907ec4c244028acd6a7a1e70c142" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Davlatning NHK majburiyatlariga rioya qilishini monitoring qilishning asosiy komponentlari</h3> <p><strong>Davlatlarning umumiy majburiyatlari</strong></p> <ul> <li>4-moddada aytilishicha, davlatlar o'zlarining huquqiy asoslari NHKga mos kelishini ta'minlashlari kerak. Bu qonunni isloh qilish siyosati choralarini talab qilishi mumkin, masalan, qonun islohoti, siyosat choralari, byudjetlashtirish va hokazo </li> <li>5-moddaga ko'ra, kamsitmaslik tengsizlik choralari. Bular ichki qonunchilikda aks ettirilishi kerak. Shunday qilib, NHKda kamsitmaslik, shuningdek, nogironligi bo'lgan shaxsga kerak bo'lganda oqilona turar joy bilan ta'minlash majburiyatini ham talab qiladi.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Davlatlarning o'ziga xos majburiyatlari</strong></p> <ul> <li>Masalan, 10-30-moddalarda (yashash huquqidan sport va madaniyat bilan shug'ullanish huquqiga qadar) belgilangan inson huquqlari bo'yicha aniq majburiyatlar.</li> </ul> <p><strong>NHKni amalga oshirishga yordam beradigan boshqa majburiyatlar</strong></p> <ul> <li>Boshqa majburiyatlar, jumladan, ma'lumotlar va statistika (31-modda), xalqaro hamkorlik (32-modda), monitoring majburiyatlari (33-modda) va boshqalar.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@abfbfe9f2ab644cf9860b3f75aa0ffc5"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@abfbfe9f2ab644cf9860b3f75aa0ffc5" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Tushuntiruvchi: NHK hisoboti bo'yicha bosqichma-bosqich qo'llanma</h3> <p>Har bir bosqich bo'yicha batafsil ma'lumot uchun raqamlangan belgilarni bosing.</p> <div class="slider"><input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-1" checked="checked" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-2" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-3" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-4" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-5" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-6" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-7" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-8" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-9" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-10" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-11" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-12" /> <div class="slider-controls"><label for="btn-1">1</label> <label for="btn-2">2</label> <label for="btn-3">3</label> <label for="btn-4">4</label> <label for="btn-5">5</label> <label for="btn-6">6</label> <label for="btn-7">7</label></div> <ul class="slides"> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>1-bosqich – Hisobot davri boshlanishi</strong></h2> <ul> <li>Dastlabki hisobotni ratifikatsiya qilinganidan keyin ikki (2) yil o'tgach tayyorlash</li> <li>Ishtirokchi davlat o'zining Davlat hisobotini tayyorlash uchun fuqarolik jamiyati, shu jumladan nogironlarning vakillik tashkilotlari bilan maslahatlashuvlar o'tkazishi kerak (NHK 33(3)-modda).</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>2-bosqich - Hisobotlarni topshirish </strong></h2> <ul> <li>Ishtirokchi-davlat o'zining Davlat hisobotini NHK qo'mitasiga taqdim etadi. BMT tizimi, IHMI, NNT va NJTdan ma'lumot olish imkoniyatini beradi.</li> <li>NJTlar o'zlarining parallel yoki muqobil hisobotlarini NHK Qo'mitasiga ustuvor masalalar va aniq tavsiyalar bilan taqdim etadilar.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>3-bosqich - Muammolar ro'yxati</strong></h2> <ul> <li>NHK qo'mitasi ishtirokchi-davlatga hisobotda ko'tarilgan tashvishlar asosidagi masalalar va savollar ro'yxatini taqdim etadi.</li> <li>NJTlar qo'mita o'z masalalar ro'yxatini qabul qilishdan oldin Qo'mita davlatga berishi kerak bo'lgan masalalar va savollar ro'yxati uchun masalalarni taklif qilishi mumkin.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>4-bosqich - Muammolar ro'yxatiga yozma javob </strong></h2> <ul> <li>Davlatlar o'zlarining yozma javoblarini NHK Qo'mitasiga uning Muammolar ro'yxatiga javob berishadi</li> <li>NJTlar, shuningdek, Muammolar ro'yxati bo'yicha o'z javoblarini taqdim etishlari mumkin, bu esa Qo'mitaga muqobil hisobotda taqdim etilgan ma'lumotlarni to'ldirishi mumkin.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>5-bosqich – Jenevada davlat va qoʻmita oʻrtasidagi interaktiv muloqot </strong></h2> <ul> <li>Qo'mita va ishtirokchi davlat delegatsiyasi o'rtasidagi konstruktiv yuzma-yuz yoki "interaktiv" muloqot.</li> <li>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti tizimi, IHMI, NNT va NJTlardan ma'lumot olish imkoniyati.</li> <li>NJTlar o'z mamlakatlari bilan konstruktiv muloqot bo'lib o'tadigan sessiya davomida og'zaki taqdimot qilishni oldindan so'rashlari mumkin.</li> <li>Muloqotdan oldin va o'sha sessiya davomida NJTlar ustuvor masalalar va tavsiyalarni aniqlash uchun Qo'mita a'zolari, ayniqsa mamlakat ma'ruzachisi bilan uchrashishga harakat qilishlari mumkin edi.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>6-bosqich – Hisobotlarni topshirish</strong></h2> <p>NHK qo'mitasi hisobot bo'yicha o'zining yakuniy mulohazalarini, jumladan tavsiyalarni e'lon qiladi.</p> <ul> <li>Yakuniy mulohazalar qabul qilinishidan oldin, NJT qo'mita a'zolari uchun tezkor chora ko'rish kerak bo'lgan ustuvor yo'nalishlarni aniqlashi va muloqot davomida ko'tarilgan masalalar bo'yicha aniq tavsiyalar berishi mumkin.</li> <li>Yakuniy kuzatishlar milliy miqyosda keng tarqatilishi kerak.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>7-bosqich – Kuzatuv tartiblari</strong></h2> <p>NHK Qo'mitasi tavsiyalarining bajarilishini kuzatish tartiblari. </p> <ul> <li>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti tizimi, IHMI, NNT va NJTlardan ma'lumot olish imkoniyati.</li> <li>NJTlar milliy monitoring mexanizmi va hukumat bilan tavsiyalarni amalga oshirish va kuzatish bo'yicha ishlashi kerak.</li> <li>NJTlar keyingi hisobot uchun o'zlarining monitoringini amalga oshirishlari kerak.</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">8-modda Cheklovchi qoidalar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Ushbu bobda ishtirokchi-davlatlar bajarishi mumkin bo'lgan xabardor qilinadigan harbiy harakatlar hajmi va soni bo'yicha qo'shimcha cheklovlar ko'rib chiqiladi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Ba'zi harbiy mashqlar qanchalik katta bo'lishi mumkinligini ko'rsatish.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">9-modda Muvofiqlik va tekshirish</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Hujjatning yana bir muhim bobi; ishtirokchi davlatlar Vena hujjatiga juda jiddiy rioya qilishadi. Ishonch va xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash choralari ishlashi uchun ularni tekshirish usullari bo'lishi kerak. Shu sababli, tekshiruvlar va baholashlar uchun shartlar mavjud va ishtirokchi davlatlar ulardan boshqalarning o'zlari tuzgan kelishuvlarga rioya qilishlariga yordam berish uchun foydalanadilar.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy yo'nalish: Shaffoflikni ta'minlashda tekshirish va baholashning asosiy roli.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">10-modda Mintaqaviy chora-tadbirlar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Bu yerda biz ishtirokchi-davlatlar oshkoralik va ishonchni oshirish uchun qabul qilishga da'vat etilgan qo'shimcha ixtiyoriy mintaqaviy chora-tadbirlarni ko'rib chiqamiz. Bular Vena hujjatida ko'rsatilgan CHMBB larga qo'shimchadir.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy yo'nalish: Ko'rilishi mumkin bo'lgan chora-tadbirlar va mintaqaviy kelishuvlarga misollar.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">11-modda Amalga oshirishni baholash bo'yicha yillik yig'ilish</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: YXHTga aʼzo davlatlarning milliy tekshirish agentliklari xodimlarining ushbu yigʻilishida Vena hujjati CHMBBlari amalda qanchalik yaxshi tatbiq etilayotgani muhokama qilinadi va kelajakda ularni amalga oshirishni yaxshilash yoʻllarini izlaydi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy yo'nalish: CHMBBni amalga oshirishni baholashda ma'lumot almashinuvining qiymati.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">12-modda Yakuniy qoidalar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Ushbu yakuniy bobda Vena hujjati qanday yangilangan va dolzarb bo'lishi mumkinligi ko'rib chiqiladi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Vena hujjati bugungi kun kontekstida barqarorlik va xavfsizlikni ta'minlash uchun eng yaxshi imkoniyatga ega bo'lishini ta'minlash.</a></h3> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <style><!-- .slider { position: relative; 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@9a483c164f104f24a54ea0ae456d88de" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@c523874e31d14b9597e6df384a00a5f4"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@c523874e31d14b9597e6df384a00a5f4" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK monitoringi va amalga oshirilishi</h3> <p>NHK asosiy inson huquqlari konventsiyalari orasida ajralib turadi, chunki u <strong><em>milliy darajadagi</em></strong> monitoring masalasiga o'ziga xos til bag'ishlaydi.</p> <h3><img height="80%" width="80%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/fa91a44c013cec5b96c5dde9e5de02a1/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/CRPD_Monitoring_scheme.png" alt="CRPD monitoring scheme" /></h3> <p><strong>A: Milliy markazlar va hukumat ichidagi muvofiqlashtirish mexanizmlari:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Hukumatda amalga oshirish markazi</li> <li>Muvofiqlashtirish markazi</li> </ol> <p><strong>B: Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institut (IHMI) mustaqil monitoring rolini o'ynaydi. </strong> (33(2) -modda)</p> <p><strong>C: Fuqarolik jamiyati monitoring rolini o'ynaydi. </strong>(33(3)-modda)(3))</p> <p>NHKning <strong>33-moddasi - Milliy amalga oshirish va monitoring</strong>, ishtirokchi-davlatlardan nogironligi bo'lgan ayollar, erkaklar va bolalar huquqlarini amalga oshirish va monitoringini kuchaytirish maqsadida milliy darajada aniq mexanizmlarni yaratishni talab qiladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/a2139855b0397fab9474e15f7b800b6c/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_judge_katerina_limpitsouni_ny1q.png" alt="local law" /></p> <p>NHK davlatlardan quyidagilarni talab qiladi:</p> <ul> <li>Hukumat ichida amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq markaz yoki markazlarni, boshqacha aytganda, NHK bajarilishini nazorat qilish uchun asosiy mas'uliyatga ega bo'lgan tayinlangan idora yoki boshqa tashkilotni belgilash;</li> <li>Turli sektorlarda va turli darajalarda tegishli harakatlarni osonlashtirish uchun hukumat doirasida muvofiqlashtirish mexanizmini yaratish yoki belgilash masalasini ko'rib chiqish; va</li> <li>NHKni ilgari surish, himoya qilish va monitoring qilish uchun milliy inson huquqlari instituti kabi mustaqil asosni yaratish.</li> </ul> <p>Shuningdek, 33-moddada fuqarolik jamiyati, xususan, nogironlar va ularning vakillik tashkilotlari monitoringning barcha jabhalarida ishtirok etishi va to'liq ishtirok etishini talab qiladi. Shunday qilib, NJTlar milliy darajada monitoring bilan samarali shug'ullanishlarini ta'minlashda muhim rol o'ynashlari kerak.</p> <p>NHKni samarali amalga oshirish uchun milliy monitoringning boshqa mexanizmlari ham dolzarbdir. Masalan, milliy sudlar va tribunallar NHKdagi huquqlarning huquqiy himoyasini ta'minlashi mumkin. Inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy harakat rejasini monitoring qiluvchi milliy jarayon nogironlik huquqlarini ilgari surish uchun ham samaralidir.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@571752dc1ec445ebb812d68d18f5f604"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@571752dc1ec445ebb812d68d18f5f604" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy institutlar (IHMI) va NHK</h3> <p>Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institutlar <strong>(IHMI)</strong> NHK loyihasini ishlab chiqish jarayonida yaqindan ishtirok etdilar. Butun dunyodan IHMI vakillari muzokaralarda qatnashdilar va turli tadbirlar orqali NHKni ilgari surish uchun ishladilar. Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institutlarning butunjahon alyansi <strong>(GANHRI)</strong> (ilgari Inson huquqlarini rag'batlantirish va himoya qilish bo'yicha Milliy institutlarning Xalqaro muvofiqlashtiruvchi qo'mitasi <strong>(ICC)</strong> deb nomlangan) orqali dunyoning barcha burchaklaridagi Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institutning vakillik organi, IHMIlar NHKni muhokama qilish va olingan saboqlar va mamlakat tajribasini almashish uchun birlashdilar.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/c710512e74236ddc584179e6b8d87b37/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_black_lives_matter_rndk.png" alt="National Human Rights Institutions" /></p> <p>YXHT aʼzoligida va butun dunyoda milliy darajadagi mustaqil monitoring mexanizmlarini belgilashga keng yondashuvlar mavjud. </p> <p>YXHTga aʼzo davlatlar tomonidan qabul qilingan baʼzi yondashuvlar quyidagilardan iborat:</p> <ul> <li>Germaniya o'zining allaqachon mavjud bo'lgan IHMIni mustaqil monitoring rolini o'z zimmasiga oldi, Germaniya Inson Huquqlari Instituti (GIHI)</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Birlashgan Qirollikda Tenglik va Inson Huquqlari Komissiyasi, Shimoliy Irlandiya Inson Huquqlari Komissiyasi va Shotlandiya Inson Huquqlari Komissiyasi kabi bir qancha tayinlangan IHMIlar mavjud.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Ispaniyada nogironlar vakillarining Ispaniya qo'mitasi (INVIQ)</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@ba6ff95cca7143d081fffdd82b8720e7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@ba6ff95cca7143d081fffdd82b8720e7" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NNTlar tomonidan muqobil hisobot</h3> <p><em>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti terminologiyasida "muqobil hisobot" - bu nodavlat tashkilotlari (NNTlar) tomonidan shartnoma monitoringi organlariga hukumatning rasmiy hisobotlaridagi kamchiliklar, kamchiliklar yoki noaniqliklarni ko'rib chiqadigan ma'lumotlar.</em></p> <p>NJT kabi nodavlat tashkilotlar (NNTlar) Inson huquqlari bo'yicha kengash, maxsus ma'ruzachi yoki NHK qo'mitasi kabi shartnoma organi kabi BMT organlarini ishonchli va mustaqil axborot bilan ta'minlashda muhim rol o'ynaydi.</p> <p>Ushbu muloqot tizimining asosiy usuli bu hukumatning rasmiy hisobotini to'ldiruvchi yoki "soya" vazifasini bajaruvchi muqobil hisobot ("parallel hisobotlar" yoki "muqobil hisobotlar" deb ham ataladi) hisoblanadi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/8e4c75055b681c94ee8b4e3fc14834d0/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Documents_re_isxv.png" alt="Shadow reporting" /></p> <p>Bunday qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar, agar ishonchli bo'lsa, shartnoma organlari uchun juda foydali bo'ladi.</p> <p>Shartnoma organiga yashirin hisobotlar uchun yagona format mavjud bo'lmasa-da, u quyidagi xususiyatlarga ega bo'lishi kerak:</p> <ul> <li>Ishtirokchi-davlat hisobotiga sharh sifatida muayyan shartnoma moddalariga muvofiq tashkil etilishi; va</li> <li>Muayyan muammoni shunchaki tasvirlashdan ko'ra tahlil qiling.</li> </ul> <p>Nogironlar jamoat tashkilotlari (NJT) butun davlat hisobotiga soya soladigan hisobotlarni tayyorlashni foydali deb topishlari mumkin, ammo bu ko'p mehnat talab qiladigan jarayon. Buning o'rniga, muayyan masalalar bo'yicha ishlaydigan nogironlar tashkiloti shartnomaning bir yoki bir nechta mavzulari va moddalariga, masalan, zo'ravonlik qoidalariga soya soladigan hisobotlarni ishlab chiqishi mumkin.</p> <p>Ko'pincha nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari koalitsiyalarda muqobil hisobotlarini yaratishda yordam beradi. Masalan, NJT nogiron ayollarning reproduktiv huquqlari to'g'risida yashirin hisobotni ishlab chiqishda ayollarning inson huquqlari bo'yicha NNT bilan hamkorlik qilishi mumkin, har bir tashkilot o'z mutaxassisligi bo'yicha hissa qo'shishi mumkin. Koalitsiyalarda ishlash, shuningdek, shartnoma monitoringi bo'yicha muayyan organning muayyan mamlakatdagi vaziyatni har tomonlama ko'rib chiqishini ta'minlashning samarali usuli hisoblanadi. </p> <p>Advokatlar yashirin hisobotlarni tayyorlashda asosiy axloqiy me'yorlarga va inson huquqlari tamoyillariga rioya qilishlari, aniq ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishga e'tibor berishlari, mahalliy tashkilotlar bilan hamkorlik qilishlari va nogironlar bo'yicha ekspertlar bilan maslahatlashishlari, manfaatlar to'qnashuvidan qochishlari (masalan, yashirin hisobotda ishtirok etishlari kerak. hukumat bilan aloqalar) va boshqalar.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@f0a9b377a1ee4e4cbf3ddc6523e28405"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@f0a9b377a1ee4e4cbf3ddc6523e28405" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Aniqlashtirish: NJTlarning muqobil hisobot tayyorlashga qaratilgan targ'ibot rejasi</h3> <p>Yuqori sifatli va ishonchli muqobil hisobotlarini ishlab chiqish jarayonida NJT koalitsiyasi bajarishi kerak bo'lgan asosiy qadamlar quyidagilardan iborat:</p> <p>Ushbu slaydda NJTlar amalga oshirishi mumkin bo'lgan ba'zi asosiy qadamlar va hisobot siklida ishtirok etishni rejalashtirish, xususan, ular NHK qo'mitasiga o'z hisobotlarini taqdim etishdan manfaatdor bo'lgan joylarda himoya qilishni ko'rsatadi. </p> <p><em>Batafsil ma'lumot olish uchun har bir yorliqni tanlang.</em></p> <p>Anketa quyidagi ma'lumotlarni o'z ichiga oladi:</p> <p><em>Aniq ma'lumot uchun har bir yorliqni tanlang.</em></p> <div class="accordion"><input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" checked="checked" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Koalitsiya/hisobot guruhini shakllantirish</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Birinchi qadam, albatta, koalitsiya va hisobot guruhini shakllantirishdir. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, NHK qo'mitasi va uning ko'rsatmalari hisobot berish jarayonida 2 ta NNTni chiqarganligi ko'plab alohida hisobotlarni taqdim etishdan farqli o'laroq, koalitsiyada ishlash muhimligini ta'kidlaydi. </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Hisobotni targ’ib qilish rejasi va vaqt jadvalini yaratish</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Ikkinchi qadam - bu hisobotni targ’ib qilish rejasi va vaqt jadvalini yaratish. Albatta, hisobotlar NHK qo'mitasiga topshirilgandan keyin javonda o'tirish uchun vakuumda yaratilmaydi, ular strategik targ'ibot rejasiga bog'lanishi kerak.</div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Har bir vazifa va tadqiqot va ma'lumot yig'ish uchun mas'uliyatni taqsimlash</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Har bir vazifa uchun mas'uliyatni taqsimlash kerak, shundan so'ng tadqiqot va ma'lumot to'plash boshlanadi. Hisobot ishonchli, qonuniy va ishonchli bo'lishi uchun bu juda muhim.</div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Hisobotni ishlab chiqish, manfaatdor tomonlar va hamkorlar bilan maslahatlashuvlar va hamkorlik</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Shundan so'ng, hisobot ishlab chiqiladi. Boshqalarning ma'lumotlarini kiritish uchun manfaatdor tomonlar va hamkorlar bilan maslahatlashuv va hamkorlik hisobotni yakunlashdan oldin amalga oshirilishi kerak. </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>NHK qo'mitasiga hisobot taqdim etish, NHK qo'mitasining yakuniy kuzatuvlari va tavsiyalarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun advokatlik</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Keyin hisobot NHK qo'mitasiga va boshqa manfaatdor tomonlarga, shu jumladan hukumatga taqdim etiladi. Va NHK qo'mitasining yakuniy kuzatishlari va tavsiyalarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun targ'ibot shakllana boshlashi kerak.</div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Milliy darajadagi kuzatuv</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Milliy darajada, kuzatuv nuqtai nazaridan, NJTlar tavsiyalarning bajarilishini hukumat bilan tekshirish uchun hisobot berishdagi ishtirokidan foydalanishlari kerak. </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Hisobotni boshqa ishtirokchilarga tarqatishda davom etish</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Boshqa ishtirokchilarga, masalan, BMTning Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha maxsus ma'ruzachisiga, Inson huquqlari bo'yicha Milliy komissiyaga, mustaqil monitoring uchun mas'ul bo'lgan IHMIlarga va boshqalarga hisobotlarni tarqatishni davom ettirish kerak. </div> </div> <p></p> <p>Bular NHK hisobot berish jarayonida ishtirok etish haqida o'ylash bilan bog'liq holda NJT targ'ibotining asosiy qadamlaridan ba'zilari.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/834ddb580dba31b292ff342191559e85/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/advocacy.png" alt="Those are just some of the key steps for OPPD advocacy in relation to thinking about participating in the CRPD reporting Process" /></p> <style><!-- .accordion { box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .accordion-select { cursor: 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@9311473a7dbc412c89a310f99d149140" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@774aa0943e6b41e78f73d32aaf56db1d"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@774aa0943e6b41e78f73d32aaf56db1d" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Inson huquqlari shartnomasini kim nazorat qiladi?</h3> <p>Ko'pgina manfaatdor tomonlar inson huquqlari bo'yicha konventsiyalarni kuzatib boradilar:</p> <p><em>Batafsil ma'lumot olish uchun har bir yorliqni tanlang.</em></p> <p></p> <div class="accordion"><input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" checked="checked" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Ishtirokchi-davlatlar</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>davlatlar ratifikatsiya yoki xalqaro shartnoma qo'shilgan mamlakatlar bor. Ratifikatsiya qilish yoki qo'shilish orqali mamlakat shartnoma qoidalarini qonuniy ravishda bajarishga rozi bo'ladi.</p> <p>Albatta, har bir ishtirokchi-davlat ratifikatsiya orqali oʻz zimmasiga olgan shartnoma majburiyatlari va majburiyatlarini qanday bajarayotganini kuzatish uchun javobgardir.</p> <p>Har bir ishtirokchi davlat NHKni amalga oshirish bo'yicha ko'rilgan chora-tadbirlar to'g'risida ratifikatsiya qilinganidan keyin ikki yil ichida, so'ngra har to'rt yilda bir marta keng qamrovli hisobot taqdim etishi kerak.</p> <p>Hisobot berish majburiyati NHKning 35-moddasida belgilangan.</p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Nogironlar jamoat tashkiloti (NJT)</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>Nogironlar jamoat tashkiloti yoki NJT vakillik tashkiloti yoki nogironlar guruhi bo'lib, unda nogironlar tashkilotning barcha darajalarida umumiy xodimlar, kengash, volontyorlar va boshqarmalarning ko'p qismini tashkil qiladi</p> <p>U nogironlarning qarindoshlari tashkilotlarini o'z ichiga oladi (unga faqat nogiron bolalar va aqliy nogironlar, ya’ni tashkilotlarni tashkil etishga huquqiy layoqatga ega bo’lmagan guruhlar vakillari), bu tashkilotlarning asosiy maqsadi nogironlarning qudratini oshirish va o'z huquqlarini himoya qilish qobiliyatini oshirishdir.</p> <p>Monitoringini o'tkazishda tashkilotlar yoki nogironlar qoidalari nimalardan iborat?</p> <p>Birinchidan, NHKning umumiy majburiyati qoidalarida birinchi navbatda 4.3-moddani ko'rib chiqish muhimdir:</p> <p><em>Ushbu Konventsiyani amalga oshirish bo'yicha qonunchilik va siyosatni ishlab chiqish va amalga oshirishda, shuningdek, nogironlar bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha qarorlar qabul qilishning boshqa jarayonlarida ishtirokchi-davlatlar nogironlar, shu jumladan nogiron bolalar bilan yaqindan maslahatlashadilar va vakillik tashkilotlari ular bilan faol ishtirok etadilar.</em></p> <p><strong><br /></strong>Ikkinchidan, <strong> 33(3)-modda Monitoring </strong>milliy darajadagi monitoringga oid qoida fuqarolik jamiyati monitoringi uchun o'ziga xos qoidaga ega:</p> <p><em>Monitoring jarayoniga fuqarolik jamiyati, <strong>xususan, nogironlar va ularning vakillik tashkilotlari </strong> jalb etilishi va to‘liq ishtirok etishi shart.</em></p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Boshqa fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlari</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Boshqa fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlari ham nogironlik huquqlari bo'yicha majburiyatlarni monitoring qilishda muhim rol o'ynashi mumkin. Inson huquqlarini himoya qiluvchi asosiy tashkilotlar qatoriga Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Ayollar huquqlari guruhlari, kasaba uyushmalari va boshqalar kiradi.</div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy komissiyalar, Ombudslar</span></div> <div class="accordion-content">Bular inson huquqlari bo'yicha shartnoma majburiyatlarini kuzatuvchi mustaqil tashkilotlar bo'lib, NHK monitoringida juda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Aslida, Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institut NHK loyihasini ishlab chiqishda ajralmas ishtirok etdi.</div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>BMT mexanizmlari </span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>BMT mexanizmlari va Shartnoma organlari muhim rol o'ynaydi. Shartnoma organlari - ishtirokchi-davlatlarning hisobotlari, nodavlat tashkilotlari (NNT) va boshqa tegishli manbalar maʼlumotlari asosida inson huquqlari boʻyicha sakkizta asosiy shartnoma va ularning fakultativ protokollarini ishtirokchi-davlatlar tomonidan bajarilishini nazorat qiluvchi mustaqil ekspertlardan iborat xalqaro qoʻmitalardir.</p> <p>Shartnoma organlariga Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita va nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha maxsus repertuar yoki albinizm bilan kasallangan shaxslarning inson huquqlaridan foydalanish bo'yicha mustaqil ekspert kabi maxsus tartib-qoidalar kiradi.</p> </div> </div> <p></p> <style><!-- .accordion { box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .accordion-select { cursor: pointer; margin: 0; opacity: 0; z-index: 1; } .accordion-title { position: relative; } .accordion-title:not(:nth-last-child(2))::after { border: 1px solid transparent; bottom: 0; content: ''; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .accordion-title span { bottom: 0.7em; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 100%; } .accordion-content { box-sizing: border-box; overflow: auto; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0.1s; } .accordion-select:checked + .accordion-title + .accordion-content { margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; } /* Generated styles starts here */ .accordion { border-color: #484f52; border-radius: 5px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; flex-direction: column; height: auto; } .accordion-title, .accordion-select { background-color: #264180; color: #ffffff; width: 100%; height: 51px; font-size: 16px; } .accordion-select { margin-bottom: -51px; margin-right: 0; } .accordion-title:not(:nth-last-child(2))::after { border-bottom-color: #000000; border-right-color: transparent; } .accordion-select:hover + .accordion-title, .accordion-select:checked + .accordion-title { background-color: #1b8ffa; } .accordion-title span { transform: rotate(0deg); -ms-writing-mode: lr-tb; filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=0); padding-left: 26px; padding-right: 26px; line-height: 51px; } .accordion-content { background-color: #EDEDED; color: #264180; height: 380px; margin-bottom: -380px; margin-right: 0; padding: 30px; width: 100%; } --></style> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@f15b27128aee494bafa1c2953d8d8ee2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@f15b27128aee494bafa1c2953d8d8ee2" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK monitoringi va amalga oshirish choralari</h3> <p>Xalqaro darajada, NHK Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita, saylangan mustaqil ekspertlar guruhini yaratish orqali monitoringni ta'minlaydi.</p> <p>Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita (NHK) mustaqil ekspertlar organi bo'lib, ishtirokchi davlatlar tomonidan Konventsiyaning bajarilishini nazorat qiladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/c4c5114ee3b126820686a4a271936c3e/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_google_analytics_a57d.png" alt="implementation" /></p> <p>Shartnoma organi sifatida tanilgan bunday qo'mita inson huquqlari bo'yicha barcha asosiy konventsiyalarning umumiy xususiyati hisoblanadi. Shartnoma organlari muhim nazorat funktsiyalarini, shu jumladan ishtirokchi-davlatlar tuzishi kerak bo'lgan davriy hisobotlarni ko'rib chiqishni amalga oshiradilar; davlatlar bilan ularning hisobotlari bo'yicha muloqot qilish; va ishtirokchi-davlatga yakuniy mulohazalar va tavsiyalar berish. </p> <p>Shartnoma qo'mitalari tomonidan berilgan tavsiyalar va xulosalar qonuniy kuchga ega bo'lmasa-da, ular katta ahamiyatga ega va ko'pincha qonun va siyosatda o'zgarishlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Bundan tashqari, ular nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlari uchun ma'lum bir mamlakatda inson huquqlarini amalga oshirishni himoya qilishlari uchun muhim asos bo'lib xizmat qiladi.</p> <p>NHKda xalqaro monitoring va amalga oshirishning uchta komponenti mavjud:</p> <p><strong>1)  NHK ishtirokchi-davlatlarining konferensiyasi</strong><strong><br /></strong></p> <ul> <li>Konventsiyani amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq har qanday masalani ko'rib chiqish uchun yig'iladi (ikki yilda bir marta yoki Konferentsiya qarori bilan)</li> </ul> <p><strong style="font-size: 1em;">2) Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita - NHK Shartnoma organi</strong><strong><br /></strong></p> <ul> <li>18 nafar mustaqil ekspertdan iborat organ shaxsiy maqomida xizmat qiladi.</li> <li>Davlatlarning Konventsiyani bajarishini ko'rib chiqish vazifasi</li> </ul> <p><strong style="font-size: 1em;">3) NHK ixtiyoriy protokoli</strong><strong><br /></strong></p> <ul> <li>NHK qo'mitasiga qo'shimcha mandatlar berish uchun davlatlar imzolashi mumkin bo'lgan NHKdan alohida yuridik jihatdan majburiy shartnoma: <ul> <li>1) NHK talablari buzilganligi haqidagi shaxsiy/guruh xabarlarini ko'rib chiqish va natijada Qo'mitaning davlatga tavsiyalari;</li> <li>2) NHK qo'mitasiga ma'lum bir mamlakatda NHKning jiddiy va tizimli buzilishini ko'rib chiqishga imkon beruvchi so'rov tartibi;</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@4b094b741707446da9cacd99eabd2018" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@c486fc334af24b459c6662e4d3562a45"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@c486fc334af24b459c6662e4d3562a45" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3><img height="80%" width="80%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/88f722a7ecfb3193d8e464431ad143db/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/CRPD_reporting_cycle.png" alt="CRPD reporting cycle" /></h3> <h3>NHK hisobot jarayonining bosqichlari</h3> <p>Davlat ma'ruzasidan boshlab, so'ngra davlat oldida turgan muammolar ro'yxatini shakllantirishga o'tish, muammolar ro'yxatiga davlat va nogironlar tashkilotlari tomonidan javob berish, so'ngra konstruktiv va interaktiv muloqot qo'mita va ishtirokchi-davlat o’rtasida Jenevada bo’lib o’tadi.</p> <p>So’ngra, keyin NHK Qo’mitasi yakuniy xulosalar, tavsiyalar, va davomiy harakatlar ro’yhatini ishlab chiqadi. Va harakatlar ketma-ketligi doim shu tarzda takrorlanadi.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@8b69802b3a7245b493ed0ff9687887e7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@8b69802b3a7245b493ed0ff9687887e7" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHKga a'zo davlatlarning davriy konferentsiyasi</h3> <p>Shartnoma organini yaratishdan tashqari, NHK, shuningdek, NHKni amalga oshirish bilan bog'liq masalalarni ko'rib chiqish uchun ishtirokchi-davlatlarning yillik konferentsiyasini ham nazarda tutadi.</p> <p>NHKni ratifikatsiya qilgan barcha davlatlar vakillari ishtirok etgan ushbu konferentsiya davlatlar uchun olingan saboqlarni almashish uchun muhim imkoniyat va nogironlik bo'yicha himoyachilar uchun NHKni amalga oshirish bo'yicha davlatlarga lobbi qilish uchun ajoyib imkoniyat yaratadi.</p> <h3>Davriy hisobot</h3> <p>Vaqti-vaqti bilan hisobot berish, aksariyat inson huquqlari shartnomalarida yozilgan mexanizm, ishtirokchi-davlatlar shartnomani ratifikatsiya qilganda o'z zimmalariga olgan majburiyatlarini qanday bajarayotganliklarini muntazam ravishda monitoring qilish vositasini ta'minlaydi.</p> <p>NHK bo'yicha hisobot berish hukumatlar, Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institut va fuqarolik jamiyati ma'lum bir a'zo davlatda nogironlarning inson huquqlaridan foydalanish holati to'g'risida xulosa chiqarishi mumkin bo'lgan muhim vositadir.</p> <p>NHK qo'mitasiga davriy hisobot berish quyidagi funktsiyalarni bajaradi:</p> <ul> <li>Hukumatlar, Inson huquqlari bo’yicha milliy institut va fuqarolik jamiyati uchun NHKga kiritilgan maqsad va huquqlarni yaxshiroq tushunish uchun vosita beradi;</li> <li>NHK va nogironlarning inson huquqlari ahvoli haqida ma'lumot beradi;</li> <li>Hisobot beruvchi davlatga NHK qo'mitasining tajribasidan foydalanish va NHKni amalga oshirishni ilgari surish bo'yicha muloqot qilish imkoniyatini beradi;</li> <li>Boshqa ishtirokchi davlatlar bilan bo'lishish mumkin bo'lgan yaxshi amaliyotlarni ta'kidlaydi;</li> <li>Hukumatlarga boshqa hukumatlarning ilg‘or amaliyotlari va tajribalaridan foydalanish imkonini beradi, chunki Qo‘mitaning barcha davriy hisobotlari va yakuniy kuzatuvlari ommaviy hujjatlardir;</li> <li>Hukumatlar, inson huquqlari bo'yicha milliy institutlar va fuqarolik jamiyatiga NHKni amalga oshirish bo'yicha kelajakdagi harakatlar uchun muhim ko'rsatmalar beradi, kelajakdagi qonunchilik, siyosat va dasturlar uchun nufuzli qo'llanma beradi; va</li> <li>Ishtirokchi-davlat xalqaro yordamdan foydalanishi mumkin bo'lgan sohalarni ta'kidlaydi;</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9e4be56be0854f97b5d55d283236ad52"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9e4be56be0854f97b5d55d283236ad52" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Davriy hisobotni kuzatish</h3> <p>Qo'mita hisobotni ko'rib chiqib, o'zining <strong>yakuniy mulohazalari</strong> va tavsiyalarini shakllantirgandan so'ng, Qo'mita o'z xulosalarini texnik hamkorlik shaklida kuzatish uchun Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining turli ixtisoslashgan agentliklari, fondlari va dasturlariga yuborishi mumkin.</p> <p>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining ko'plab agentliklari mavjud bo'lib, ularning vakolatlari nogironlar huquqlariga tegishli faoliyatni o'z ichiga oladi, masalan</p> <ul> <ul> <li>YUNESKO</li> <li>Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti (XMT)</li> <li>Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST)</li> <li>BMT Taraqqiyot dasturi (BMTTD)</li> <li>YUNISEF</li> <li>Jahon banki</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Davlatlar va NHK Qo'mitasi ushbu va boshqa tashkilotlarni jalb qilish orqali davriy hisobot berish Qo'mita bilan muloqotdan tashqari ta'sir ko'rsatishini ta'minlashi va nogironlarning huquqlaridan foydalanishning barqaror yaxshilanishiga olib kelishi mumkin.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@32d7c898ec43494caa8128381e656949"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@32d7c898ec43494caa8128381e656949" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK 35-modda Hisobotga qo'yiladigan talab</h3> <p>NHKning 35-moddasida hisobot berish talabi ikkita asosiy bosqichni o'z ichiga oladi:</p> <ul> <li>NHK hisobotni qabul qiladi</li> <li>NHK hisobotni ko'rib chiqadi</li> </ul> <p>NHK ratifikatsiya qilinganidan keyin ikki yil ichida har bir ishtirokchi-davlat NHK Qo'mitasiga shartnomani amalga oshirish bo'yicha ko'rilgan chora-tadbirlar va bugungi kungacha erishilgan yutuqlar to'g'risida dastlabki to'liq hisobot taqdim etishi shart. NHK qo'mitasi, boshqa shartnoma organlari singari, ishtirokchi-davlatlarga o'z hisobotlarini tayyorlashda bevosita hisobot berish uchun ko'rsatmalarni ishlab chiqdi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/6dc1d4e07d3ff48dc46b3e4721a20fb0/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/CRPD_Article_35_Reporting_Requirement.png" alt="CRPD Article 35 Reporting Requirement" />/</p> <p> Dastlabki hisobotda quyidagilar bo'lishi kerak:</p> <p></p> <ul> <li>NHKni amalga oshirish uchun konstitutsiyaviy, huquqiy va ma'muriy asosni yaratish, bu esa NHKni ilgari suruvchi qonunlar bilan bir qatorda amalga oshirishni tezlashtirish uchun o'zgartirilgan yoki hali ham o'zgartirilishi kerak bo'lgan qonunlarni aniqlashni o'z ichiga olishi kerak;</li> <li>NHKning har bir qoidasini amalga oshirish uchun qabul qilingan siyosat va dasturlarni tushuntiring; va</li> <li>NHKni ratifikatsiya qilish va amalga oshirish natijasida nogironlarning huquqlaridan foydalanishda erishilgan har qanday yutuqlarni aniqlang.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Har bir ishtirokchi-davlat keyingi hisobotlarni kamida to'rt yilda bir marta yoki Qo'mita so'raganda taqdim etishi shart. Keyingi hisobotlar quyidagilarni bajarishi kerak:</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Oldingi hisobotlarda NHK Qo'mitasi o'zining yakuniy kuzatishlarida ta'kidlagan xavotirlar va boshqa masalalarga javob berish;</li> <li>Hisobot davrida nogironlarning huquqlarini amalga oshirishda erishilgan yutuqlarni ko'rsatish; va</li> <li>Hisobot davrida hukumat va boshqa sub'ektlar NHKni amalga oshirishda duch kelishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday to'siqlarni ajratib ko'rsating.</li> </ul> <p>Hisobotlarda davlatlar NHKni amalga oshirishda duch kelayotgan omillar va qiyinchiliklarni ko'rsatishi mumkin.</p> <p>Davlatlar ochiq va oshkora tarzda hisobotlar tayyorlashlari hamda nogironlar va ularning vakillik tashkilotlari bilan maslahatlashib, faol ishtirok etishlari kerak. </p> <p>Davriy hisobotlarni tayyorlash quyidagi maqsadli ta'sirga ega:</p> <ul> <li>Hukumatlarni inson huquqlari va nogironlik bo'yicha milliy qonunchilik, siyosat va dasturlarni har tomonlama ko'rib chiqishga undaydi;</li> <li>Ishtirokchi-davlatlar tomonidan nogironlar huquqlarining amalga oshirilishi ustidan muntazam ravishda monitoring olib borilishini ta'minlaydi;</li> <li>Hukumatlarni o'z faoliyatini baholash uchun ustuvorliklar va ko'rsatkichlarni belgilashga undaydi;</li> <li>Hukumatlarga keyingi hisobotlarni solishtirish mumkin bo'lgan etalonni taqdim etadi;</li> <li>Hukumat faoliyatini jamoatchilik muhokamasi va tekshirish imkoniyatini beradi; va</li> <li>Amalga oshirishdagi qiyinchiliklarni ta'kidlaydi, aks holda aniqlanmasligi mumkin.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@d924ee76314b445bb97044da0591c555" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bce4d86d3a1a4398b7eb69ef9d421ce3"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bce4d86d3a1a4398b7eb69ef9d421ce3" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>NHK fakultativ protokoli (NHK-FP) mavjud shartnoma bilan bog'liq huquqiy hujjatdir. U tartiblarni kiritadi va/yoki asl shartnoma qamrab ololmaydigan masalalarni hal qiladi. U "fakultativ" deb ataladi, chunki davlatlar, hatto asosiy shartnomasida ishtirok etsalar ham, protokol ishtirokchilari bo'lishlari shart emas. Shunday qilib, hukumat NHKni ratifikatsiya qilgan va uning ishtirokchisi bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin, lekin NHKga Fakultativ Protokolni ratifikatsiya qilmagan va uning ishtirokchisi bo'lmagan bo'lishi mumkin. </p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/c1e7f5715153a98f398369b88e17b5f6/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/diagCRPD.png" alt="OP-CRPD Communications procedure" /></p> <p>NHKga NHK-FP nogironlar huquqlarini amalga oshirishni kuchaytirish uchun ikkita tartibni kiritadi:</p> <ul> <li>individual aloqa tartibi; va</li> <li>surishtiruv tartibi.</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a7c60fa405a34c7d8f91602fad02d0c4"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a7c60fa405a34c7d8f91602fad02d0c4" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3><em>NHK-FP</em> aloqa tartibi</h3> <p>Individual muloqot tartibi hukumati Fakultativ Protokolni ratifikatsiya qilgan shaxslar va shaxslar guruhlariga NHK qo'mitasiga davlat NHK bo'yicha o'z majburiyatlaridan birini buzganligi haqida shikoyat qilish imkonini beradi. Ushbu shikoyat "individual muloqot" deb nomlanadi.</p> <p>Qo'mita bunday individual xabarni olganida, u shikoyatni ko'rib chiqadi va agar mavjud bo'lsa, xabar bo'yicha o'z fikr va tavsiyalarini shakllantiradi va ularni tegishli davlatga yuboradi. Ushbu fikr va tavsiyalar Qo'mitaning Bosh Assambleyaga ochiq hisobotida keltirilgan. Individual muloqot tartib-qoidalari faqat qog'ozdagi jarayondir, boshqacha aytganda, na shikoyatchi, na davlat qo'mitaga shaxsan kelmaydi.</p> <p>Hamma xabarlarga ruxsat berilmaydi - ba'zilari qabul qilinishi mumkin emas deb hisoblanadi, agar quyidagi holatlar kuzatilsa,</p> <ul> <li>anonim;</li> <li>suiste'mol yoki NHK qoidalariga mos kelmaydi;</li> <li>Xuddi shu shikoyat allaqachon Qo'mita tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan;</li> <li>Xuddi shu shikoyat boshqa xalqaro tergov tartibida ko'rib chiqilgan yoki ko'rib chiqilmoqda;</li> <li>Barcha mavjud ichki himoya vositalari hali tugamagan - boshqacha qilib aytganda, shikoyatchi NHK Qo'mitasiga xalqaro darajada shikoyat qilishdan oldin davlatning huquqiy tizimi orqali himoya vositasini olishga harakat qilgan. ichki darajada himoya vositalari mavjud bo'lmasa ham, bu talabdan voz kechish mumkin;</li> <li>U asossiz yoki yetarlicha asoslanmagan; va/yoki</li> <li>Faktlar Protokol ko'rib chiqilayotgan davlat uchun amal qilishidan oldin sodir bo'lgan va tugatilgan.</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e059c23c1e8b4addac33da839837f912"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e059c23c1e8b4addac33da839837f912" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>NHK-FP so'rovi tartiblari</h3> <p>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa ba'zi shartnomalar singari, NHKning Fakultativ Protokolida ham NHK qo'mitasiga "inson huquqlarining qo'pol yoki tizimli buzilishi" bo'yicha tergov boshlash imkonini beruvchi tergov tartibi mavjud. Bunday hollarda, NHK qo'mitasi ushbu ishtirokchi-davlatni tergovda hamkorlik qilishga chaqirishi va o'z kuzatuvlarini ko'rib chiqish uchun taqdim etishi kerak . Tergov maxfiydir va tegishli davlatning to'liq hamkorligida o'tkazilishi kerak.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/c6ba0a76781b2275c2cdf58deb9436c1/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Detailed_analysis_re_tk6j.png" alt="OP-CRPD Inquiry procedures" /></p> <p>NHK fakultativ protokoli so'rovi tartibi boshqa inson huquqlari bo'yicha so'rov protseduralarini aks ettiradi va quyidagicha davom etadi:</p> <ul> <li>Ma'lumot, masalan, nogironlar tashkiloti yoki boshqa nodavlat tashkiloti tomonidan inson huquqlarining jiddiy buzilganligi to'g'risida NHK qo'mitasiga taqdim etiladi;</li> <li>Qo'mita ma'lumotlarning ishonchliligini va NHKning jiddiy yoki muntazam ravishda buzilishini ko'rsatadimi yoki yo'qligini baholash uchun ma'lumotlarni ko'rib chiqadi;</li> <li>Qo'mita ma'lumotlarning ishonchliligini va NHKning jiddiy yoki muntazam ravishda buzilishini ko'rsatadimi yoki yo'qligini baholash uchun ma'lumotlarni ko'rib chiqadi;</li> <li>Qo'mita ishtirokchi-davlatning har qanday kuzatishlarini ko'rib chiqadi;</li> <li>Qo'mita boshqa ishonchli ma'lumotlarni, masalan, Nogironlar Jamoat Tashkilotlaridan (NJT) olingan hisobotlarni ko'rib chiqadi;</li> <li>Qo'mita o'zining bir yoki bir nechta a'zolarini surishtiruv o'tkazish va unga shoshilinch ravishda hisobot berish uchun tayinlashni tanlashi mumkin;</li> <li>Agar Qo'mita buni asosli deb hisoblasa va tegishli davlat rozi bo'lsa, so'rov qo'mita a'zolarining mamlakatga tashrifini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin;</li> <li>Surishtiruv natijalarini o'rganib chiqqandan so'ng, Qo'mita xulosalar va uning sharhlarini Qo'mitaga o'z mulohazalarini taqdim etish uchun olti oy muddatda davlatga yuborishi kerak;</li> <li>U o'z mulohazalarini taqdim etishi mumkin bo'lgan olti oylik muddatdan so'ng, davlatga so'rovga javob berish uchun ko'rilgan chora-tadbirlar tafsilotlarini taqdim etish taklif qilinishi mumkin va Qo'mita davlatdan qo'shimcha ma'lumot so'rashi mumkin;</li> <li>Keyin Qo'mita o'z xulosalarining qisqacha mazmunini Bosh Assambleyaga taqdim etgan hisobotida e'lon qiladi. Tegishli davlatning kelishuviga binoan, Qo'mita so'rov bo'yicha o'zining to'liq hisobotini ham e'lon qilishi mumkin.</li> </ul> <p>Davlat Fakultativ Protokolni ratifikatsiya qilishi mumkin, biroq so'rovni o'tkazish tartibidan "boshlanishi" mumkin. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, NHK-FPni <strong>imzolash</strong> , ratifikatsiya qilish yoki <strong>qo'shilish</strong> vaqtida davlat qo'mitaning so'rovlar o'tkazish vakolatini tan olmasligini e'lon qilishi mumkin. Biroq, u individual aloqa tartibini qabul qiladi. Davlat surishtiruv tartib-taomilidan “bekor qilishi” mumkin boʻlsa-da, Fakultativ Protokolning barcha ishtirokchi davlatlari “individual xabarlar” tartibini qabul qilishlari kerak.  </p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@pdf+block@a1b76f3bb22d425fbc23601058b73e83"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-pdf" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="pdf" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@pdf+block@a1b76f3bb22d425fbc23601058b73e83" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">PDF is 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Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@41a1bd45d837457b8451d23b82620d8a" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@74a9ddc9d0ba4976af8f9981d2cd1e8c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@74a9ddc9d0ba4976af8f9981d2cd1e8c" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>Nogironlik va u bilan bog'liq masalalar bo'yicha ishonchli ma'lumotlarni to'plash va tahlil qilish nogironlar huquqlarini himoya qilish va rag'batlantirish uchun aniq, foydali va amalga oshirilishi mumkin bo'lgan qonunlar va siyosatlarni ishlab chiqishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.</p> <p>NHK 31-modda - <em>Statistik ma'lumotlar va ma'lumotlarni to'plash</em> davlatlardan nogironlar huquqlariga oid qonunlar va siyosatlarni shakllantirish uchun asos sifatida tegishli ma'lumotlarni, shu jumladan statistik va tadqiqot ma'lumotlarini to'plashni talab qiladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/d06946e9153d10df15994f73ee258a67/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Data_trends_re_2cdy.png" alt="Data analysis " /></p> <p>NHK qo'shimcha ravishda quyidagilarni talab qiladi:</p> <ul> <li>Ma'lumotlarni yig'ish maxfiylikni ta'minlash va shaxsiy daxlsizlikni hurmat qilishni ta'minlash uchun qonun bilan belgilangan standartlarga, shuningdek, statistik ma'lumotlarni to'plash va ulardan foydalanishda huquq va axloqiy tamoyillarni himoya qilish bo'yicha xalqaro miqyosda qabul qilingan me'yorlarga rioya qilish.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Ma'lumotlar har qanday ma'lum bir sohada yoki ma’lum bir guruhga nisbatan amalga oshirish sa'y-harakatlari samaradorligini baholashda foydalanishga imkon berish uchun turli yo'llar bilan (masalan, jinsi, yoshi, geografik joylashuvi yoki nogironlik guruhiga ko'ra) toufalanishi yoki "ajratilishi" kerak.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Davlatlar ushbu ma'lumotlarning nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslarga va boshqa manfaatdor shaxslarga, xususan, nogironlar tashkilotlari orqali foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan formatlarda tarqatilishini ta'minlashi kerak.</li> </ul> <h4>Misol</h4> <p>Tunis hisobotiga oid ma'lumotlarga oid NHK qo'mitasi kuzatuvlariga misol:</p> <p><em>Ma'lumotlar va statistika bo'yicha Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya qo'mitasi</em></p> <p><em>Ma'lumotlar va statistika bo'yicha nogironlar</em></p> <p><em>Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya qo'mitasi (NHK qo'mitasi) Tunis hisobotiga javoban quyidagi yakuniy fikrlarni e'lon qildi:</em></p> <ol start="37"> <li><em> Qo'mita ishtirokchi-davlatga jinsi, yoshi va nogironligi bo'yicha ma'lumotlarni to'plash, tahlil qilish va tarqatishni tizimlashtirishni, bu borada salohiyatni oshirishni kuchaytirishni va qonunchilikni rivojlantirish, siyosatni ishlab chiqish va institutsional mustahkamlashni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun genderga sezgir ko'rsatkichlarni ishlab chiqishni tavsiya qiladi. Konventsiyaning turli qoidalarini amalga oshirish bo'yicha erishilgan yutuqlarni monitoring qilish va hisobot berish uchun.</em></li> </ol><ol start="38"> <li><em> Qo'mita nogiron bolalarning bolalarni himoya qilish bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlarda ko'rinmasligidan afsusda.</em></li> </ol><ol start="39"> <li><em> Qo'mita ishtirokchi-davlatga bolalarga nisbatan zo'ravonlik va zo'ravonlik haqidagi ma'lumotlarni muntazam ravishda to'plash, tahlil qilish va tarqatishni tavsiya qiladi. Unda jinsi, yoshi va nogironligi bo'yicha alohida ma’lumotlar to’planishi va tahlil qilinishi tavsiya etiladi.</em></li> </ol> <div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 53px; top: 1166.84px;"> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@pdf+block@096cb1ff1f2f40e28bb494b2a1d54882"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-pdf" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="pdf" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@pdf+block@096cb1ff1f2f40e28bb494b2a1d54882" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Manba: Nogironlar huquqlari bo&#39;yicha qo&#39;mita, hisobot berish bo&#39;yicha ko&#39;rsatmalar is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e0048f237aee48b2a9f2cc6fc720dbdd"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e0048f237aee48b2a9f2cc6fc720dbdd" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita</h3> <p>NHK Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita tuzishni buyuradi. U 18 nafar mustaqil ekspertdan iborat boʻlib, ishtirokchi-davlatlar tomonidan Konventsiyaning bajarilishini nazorat qilish uchun masʼuldir. Qo'mita yiliga ikki marta Jenevada yig'iladi va inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa shartnoma organlari kabi quyidagi funktsiyalarga ega:</p> <ul> <li>Davlatlar tomonidan taqdim etilgan davriy hisobotlarni tekshirish;</li> <li>Hisobotga javoban savollar ro'yxatini ishlab chiqish;</li> <li>Davlat hisobotlari bo'yicha yakuniy mulohazalar taqdim etish;</li> <li>Umumiy mulohazalarni shakllantirish;</li> <li>Tavsiyalar;</li> <li>Shaxsiy xabarlarni ko'rib chiqish (quyida batafsilroq ko’rsatilgan Fakultativ Protokolga muvofiq); va</li> <li>So'rovlarni o'tkazish (quyida batafsilroq ko'rib chiqiladigan fakultativ protokolga muvofiq);</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@4a734872cddb48a78add6d325009c90a" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e764d788734d4e06aaca54cfbd57dfa3"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e764d788734d4e06aaca54cfbd57dfa3" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>NHK aniq ijtimoiy rivojlanish o'lchoviga ega. U nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar ko'pincha qashshoqlik xavfiga duch kelishini va ularning ko'pchiligi iqtisodiy yoki boshqa maqomga ko'ra kamsitishning ko'plab shakllarini boshdan kechirishini tan oladi. Shuningdek, u kambag'allikning nogironlarga salbiy ta'sirini bartaraf etish muhimligini e'tirof etadi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/8ef8f07b2f4b799d4005129f1d0295cc/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Around_the_world_re_n353.png" alt="International cooperation and disability-inclusive development" /></p> <p>NHK <strong>32-modda - Xalqaro hamkorlik</strong> ishtirokchi-davlatlarning o'z majburiyatlarini samarali amalga oshirish bo'yicha milliy sa'y-harakatlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun xalqaro hamkorlik muhimligini aniq e'tirof etadi. Bu ishtirokchi-davlatlardan NHKni amalga oshirish bo'yicha milliy chora-tadbirlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun boshqa davlatlar va/yoki tegishli xalqaro va mintaqaviy tashkilotlar va fuqarolik jamiyati bilan sheriklik yo'li bilan hamkorlik qilishni talab qiladi. Konventsiya, shuningdek, xalqaro rivojlanish dasturlari nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslarni o'z ichiga olishini ta'minlash muhimligini aniq e'tirof etadi va shu bilan nogironlarni qamrab oluvchi rivojlanish jarayonlarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Nogironlarning katta qismi rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda qashshoqlikda yashayotganini hisobga olsak, bu juda muhim. </p> <p></p> <p>32-moddada davlatlar xalqaro hamkorlik doirasida ko'rishi mumkin bo'lgan chora-tadbirlar majmuini aniq belgilab beradi, masalan:</p> <ul> <li>Nogironlarni xalqaro hamkorlikka, shu jumladan xalqaro rivojlanish dasturlariga kiritish;</li> <li>Imkoniyatlarni oshirish, shu jumladan axborot, tajriba, o‘quv dasturlari va ilg‘or tajriba almashish va almashish orqali;</li> <li>Tadqiqot dasturlari va ilmiy bilimlarga kirishni osonlashtirish; va</li> <li>Texnik va iqtisodiy yordam, shu jumladan qulay va yordamchi texnologiyalardan foydalanishni osonlashtirish.</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@504f26ec6c5e4f3296d3702088f9be09"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@504f26ec6c5e4f3296d3702088f9be09" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Yevropa Komissiyasi</h3> <p>2004 yilda Yevropa Komissiyasi nogironlik va rivojlanish bo'yicha yo'riqnomani chiqardi. Ushbu hujjat Yevropa Ittifoqi (EI) delegatsiyalariga rivojlanish sohasidagi hamkorlik doirasida nogironlik muammosini hal qilish bo'yicha maslahatlar beradi. U qashshoqlikni kamaytirish maqsadlariga nogironlarning ehtiyojlarini hisobga olmasdan erishib bo'lmasligini aniq tan oladi. Shuningdek, u nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar Yevropa Ittifoqi tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan xalqaro rivojlanish ishlariga yetarli darajada kiritilmaganligini tan oladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/964e0ab51c33094fb0f7e3ccc9764934/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/theeuropeantriangle.png" alt="the European Commission, which represents the interests of the Union as a whole" /></p> <p>Yo'riqnomada quyidagilar qo'llab-quvvatlanadi:</p> <ol> <li> Mamlakat sharoitida nogironlikning ko'lami va ta'sirini tushunish va nogironlar aholisining xilma-xilligini tan olish;</li> <li> Xayriya/tibbiy yondashuvdan farqli ravishda nogironlikning inson huquqlari modelini qo'llab-quvvatlash va qo'llab-quvvatlash;</li> <li>“Nogironlar bilan bog‘liq muammolarni barcha tegishli dasturlar va loyihalar bo‘yicha asosiy oqimga kiritish hamda nogironlar uchun maxsus loyihalarga ega bo‘lish” zarurati sifatida belgilangan “ikki yoqlama yondashuv"ini qo‘llash; va</li> <li> O'rta muddatli tahlilning bir qismi sifatida, mamlakat dasturlari nogironlarni qamrab olish darajasini baholash.</li> <li>Bolalarga e'tibor berish; va</li> <li>Odamlar va hamkorlikni qo'llab-quvvatlash.</li> </ol> <p>Yevropa Komissiyasi Yevropa Ittifoqining 2021-2030 yillarga mo'ljallangan nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha strategiyasini e'lon qildi, bu ikkinchi strategiya bo'lib, 2010-2020 yillarga mo'ljallangan nogironlik strategiyasi asosida amalga oshirilgan ishlarga asoslanadi. Strategiya 2021-2030 Yevropa Ittifoqining umumiy Yevropa aholisining 25 foizini yoki 87 million yevropaliklarni tashkil etuvchi nogironlar hayotini yaxshilash majburiyatiga oid maqsadlarini belgilashga qaratilgan.</p> <p>YXHTga aʼzo qator davlatlar nogironlarni qamrab oluvchi rivojlanish boʻyicha aniq siyosat va yoʻriqnomalarni qabul qildilar. Masalan:</p> <ul> <li>Italiya hamkorlikni rivojlantirish agentligi, 2018-yilda rivojlanishga yordam berish loyihalarida nogironlik va ijtimoiy qo'shilish bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar</li> <li>Finlyandiya, Rivojlanish sohasidagi hamkorlik va siyosatda nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslarning huquqlarini ko'rib chiqishga Finlyandiya yondashuvi</li> <li>Buyuk Britaniya, Inklyuziv rivojlanish uchun xalqaro rivojlanish strategiyasi departamenti</li> </ul> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@12fcfb3f74f3493caa050b9a68340df4"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@12fcfb3f74f3493caa050b9a68340df4" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Monitoringning boshqa mexanizmlari</h3> <p>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa shartnoma organlari Hozirgi vaqtda NHK qo'mitasi kabi inson huquqlari bo'yicha to'qqizta <strong>shartnoma organi mavjud</strong>. Ularning barchasi inson huquqlari bo‘yicha ushbu asosiy xalqaro shartnomalarning bajarilishini nazorat qiluvchi mustaqil ekspertlardan iborat.</p> <p>Qiynoqlarga qarshi Konventsiyaning Fakultativ Protokoliga muvofiq tashkil etilgan o'ninchi shartnoma organi - Qiynoqlarning oldini olish bo'yicha kichik qo'mita Fakultativ protokol ishtirokchi-davlatlarida qamoqda saqlash joylarini nazorat qiladi. Shartnoma organlari ular nazorat qiladigan shartnoma qoidalariga muvofiq tuziladi.</p> <p><strong>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha Oliy komissar boshqarmasi </strong>(OHCHR) ushbu shartnoma organlari faoliyatini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va ularning kotibiyatlari orqali ularning ish uslublari va hisobot talablarini muvofiqlashtirishda yordam beradi.  </p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/4a940519b2984325dbae1701afb82795/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Memory_storage_reh0.png" alt="monitoring" /></p> <p>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha barcha shartnomalar nogironlar huquqlarini himoya qilganligi sababli, BMTning inson huquqlari bo'yicha boshqa barcha shartnomalari mustaqil qo'mitalari ham har bir aniq shartnoma doirasida nogironlar huquqlarini nazorat qilishda rol o'ynaydi. Masalan, Inson huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita <strong>Fuqarolik va siyosiy huquqlar to'g'risidagi xalqaro paktga</strong> (FSHXP) a'zo davlatlar o'rtasida nogironlarning fuqarolik va siyosiy huquqlarini nazorat qilish vakolatiga ega. <strong>Bola huquqlari qo'mitasi</strong> nogiron bolalar huquqlaridan bahramand bo’lish holatini o’rganish vakolatiga ega.</p> <p>Universal davriy hisobot jarayoni <strong>Universal davriy hisobot jarayoni</strong> (UDH) har to'rt yilda bir marta, barcha 192 BMT a'zo davlatlar inson huquqlari holatlarini o’rganishni o'z ichiga oladigan noyob jarayon. Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Bosh Assambleyasi 2006 yilda 60/251 rezolyutsiyasi bilan UDH va Inson huquqlari bo'yicha kengashga asos soldi. UDH har bir davlatga o'z mamlakatlarida inson huquqlari bilan bog'liq vaziyatni yaxshilash va inson huquqlari bo'yicha o'z majburiyatlarini bajarish uchun qanday harakatlar qilganligini e'lon qilish imkoniyatini beradi. </p> <p><strong>Maxsus tartib-qoidalar</strong></p> <p>Maxsus tartib-qoidalar Inson huquqlari boʻyicha kengash tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan turli mexanizmlar bilan bogʻliq boʻlib, u yoki bu mamlakatdagi muayyan vaziyatni yoki butun dunyo boʻylab inson huquqlari boʻyicha tematik muammolarni hal qiladi. Ushbu protseduralarga quyidagilar kiradi:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Individual ekspertlar - </strong>Inson huquqlari bo'yicha kengash tomonidan tayinlangan va ixtiyoriy asosda ishlaydigan individual<strong> maxsus ma'ruzachi</strong>, vakil yoki mustaqil ekspert.</li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>Ishchi guruhlar</strong> - Ixtiyoriy asosda ishlaydigan va Inson huquqlari bo’yicha kengash tomonidan tayinlangan taniqli, mustaqil ekspertlar guruhi.</li> </ul> <p>Ushbu Maxsus tartib-qoidalarning vakolatlari odatda tayinlangan ekspertlar yoki ishchi guruhga inson huquqlari bilan bog'liq vaziyatlarni tekshirish, monitoring qilish, maslahat berish va omma oldida hisobot berish vazifasini yuklaydi. </p> <p>Mamlakat mandatlari sifatida tanilgan ba'zilari ma'lum mamlakatlar yoki hududlarga e'tibor qaratish mas'uliyatiga ega.</p> <p>Ushbu Maxsus tartib-qoidalarning vakolatlari odatda tayinlangan ekspertlar yoki ishchi guruhga inson huquqlari bilan bog'liq vaziyatlarni tekshirish, monitoring qilish, maslahat berish va omma oldida hisobot berish vazifasini yuklaydi.Mamlakat mandatlari sifatida tanilgan ba'zilari ma'lum mamlakatlar yoki hududlarga e'tibor qaratish mas'uliyatiga ega.Tematik mandatlar deb nomlanuvchi boshqa shaxslarga butun dunyo bo'ylab inson huquqlari buzilishining asosiy muammolarini kuzatish tayinlangan. </p> <p>Ayni paytda, <strong> 30 ta</strong>  tematik mandat va <strong> 8 ta</strong> mamlakat mandatlari mavjud. Hamma o'z xulosalari va tavsiyalari haqida Inson huquqlari bo’yicha kengashga hisobot beradi. Ayrim hollarda bu mandatlar xalqaro hamjamiyat e’tiborini inson huquqlari bilan bog‘liq ayrim muammolarga qaratuvchi yagona mexanizmdir.</p> <p>Ayrim ekspertlar va ishchi guruhlar ishlayotgan barcha kontekstlarda nogironlarning huquqlariga e'tibor qaratilishini ta'minlash uchun nogironlik bo'yicha himoyachilarning ushbu maxsus tartib-qoidalar bilan shug'ullanishi uchun imkoniyatlar mavjud.</p> <p>Ikki idora NHKning institutsional tuzilmalarini qo'llab-quvvatlashda o'ziga xos rol o'ynaydi:</p> <ol> <li>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy masalalar departamenti qoshidagi NHK kotibiyati. Nyu-York shahrida joylashgan bo'lib, u NHK ishtirokchi-davlatlarining yillik konferentsiyasiga xizmat qiladi.</li> <li>Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita, Inson huquqlari bo'yicha Oliy komissari idorasi (Jeneva, Shveytsariya) tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatladi.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@19b4d357a3c648598f1794e89d51294a"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@19b4d357a3c648598f1794e89d51294a" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Qo'shimcha manbalar</h4> <p><span class="fa fa-globe fa-2x" aria-hidden="true" title="Website activity"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> <a href="http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=212" target="_blank">NHK monitoringi bo'yicha qisqacha qo'llanma</a></span></p> <p>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy masalalar departamenti (UN-DESA), Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Inson huquqlari bo'yicha Oliy komissari boshqarmasi (OHCHR) va Parlamentlararo ittifoq (IPU), Nogironlarning huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya bo'yicha parlament a'zolari uchun qo'llanma: Chetlatilishdan Tenglikgacha, Nogironlarning huquqlarini amalga oshirish (2007</p> <p><span class="fa fa-globe fa-2x" aria-hidden="true" title="Website activity"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> <a href=" http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/" target="_blank">Qonunchilar va boshqalar uchun NHKga umumiy nazar Nogironlar xalqaro alyansi (IDA)</a></span></p> <p><span class="fa fa-globe fa-2x" aria-hidden="true" title="Website activity"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> <a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx" target="_blank">Nogironlar huquqlari bo'yicha qo'mita</a></span></p> <p><strong><span style="white-space: pre;">Inson huquqlari bo'yicha asosiy xalqaro hujjatlar va ularning monitoring organlari</span></strong></p> <table width="1173" height="957"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong><em>Sana</em></strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong><em>Kuzatuv organi</em></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="10%"> <p>1965-yil 21-dekabr</p> </td> <td width="66%"> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx" target="_blank">Irqiy kamsitishning barcha shakllariga barham berish to'g'risidagi xalqaro konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td width="13%"> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CERD/Pages/CERDIndex.aspx">IKBSHBBXK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1966-yil 16-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx" target="_blank">Fuqarolik va siyosiy huquqlar to'g'risidagi xalqaro pakt</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CCPR/Pages/CCPRIndex.aspx">FSHXP</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1966-yil 16-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx" target="_blank">Iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va madaniy huquqlar to'g'risidagi xalqaro pakt</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cescr/pages/cescrindex.aspx">IIMHXP</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1979-yil 18-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx" target="_blank">Ayollarga nisbatan kamsitishning barcha shakllariga barham berish to'g'risidagi konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cedaw/pages/cedawindex.aspx">AKBK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1984-yil 10-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx" target="_blank">Qiynoqlar va boshqa shafqatsiz, g'ayriinsoniy yoki qadr-qimmatni kamsituvchi muomala yoki jazoga qarshi Konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hrbodies/cat/pages/catindex.aspx">G'QKJQK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1989-yil 20-noyabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx" target="_blank">Bola huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRC/Pages/CRCIndex.aspx">BHK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>1990-yil 18-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CMW.aspx" target="_blank">Barcha mehnat migrantlari va ularning oila a’zolarining huquqlarini himoya qilish to‘g‘risidagi xalqaro konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CMW/Pages/CMWIndex.aspx">BMMXK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2006-yil 20-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CED/Pages/ConventionCED.aspx" target="_blank">Barcha shaxslarni zo'rlik bilan yo'q qilishdan himoya qilish to'g'risidagi xalqaro konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CED/Pages/CEDIndexOld.aspx">BSHHQTXK</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>2006-yil 13-dekabr</p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx" target="_blank">Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya</a></p> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/CRPDIndex.aspx">NHK</a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@3d145e22ec2d4575939fa29ebcf75c87" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a5301b7921a44cc289e35c3959b3e835"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a5301b7921a44cc289e35c3959b3e835" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p><img width="50%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/4e4335d0f199b858758d58cb1a1a4e20/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_check_boxes_m3d0.png" alt="Quiz" /></p> <p></p> <p>Ajoyib! Siz ushbu modulni tugatdingiz.</p> <p>Siz hozir tanishish bo'lishingiz kerak:</p> <ul> <li>Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiya (NHK) bo'yicha monitoring mexanizmlarini tushunish;</li> <li>NHK qo'mitasi tomonidan amalga oshirilayotgan xalqaro monitoring jarayoni va monitoringda fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlarining rolini tushuntirish;</li> <li>NHK bo'yicha milliy darajadagi monitoring talablarini tushunish; va</li> <li>Milliy va xalqaro miqyosda NHK bajarilishini monitoring qilishda NJTlar va individual faol shaxslarning rollarini aniqlang.</li> </ul> <p><em>Keling, hozirgacha nimani o'rganganingizni tekshiramiz.</em></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@2b65189d55a44c158e77283ac6326e53"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@2b65189d55a44c158e77283ac6326e53" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 1 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@c1cc03f0a35f4259b1fc3dd0e556605d"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@c1cc03f0a35f4259b1fc3dd0e556605d" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 2 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@2e5600dd0dd84ca4a56a7d024286b5d7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@2e5600dd0dd84ca4a56a7d024286b5d7" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 3 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@b1cc15648d70445180f45d209d6c0477"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@b1cc15648d70445180f45d209d6c0477" data-request-token="ed258f5a6e4e11ef8ba9b205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 4 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>