OSCE: HD-RPD-UZ

Nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar huqulari to’g’risidagi

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@001a120fbe88479e95cf422a3dc39566" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@39d61dcabdfc4f3fbbc748f09d6aeb10"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@39d61dcabdfc4f3fbbc748f09d6aeb10" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <pre><span style="color: #ff0000;"></span></pre> <h3>Assalomu aleykum! Ushbu bo'limga xush kelibsiz!</h3> <p>Tanishing, Maykl Shvarts - huquqshunos va huquq bo'yicha professor, sizga o'z voqeasini so'zlab beradi.</p> <div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 937px; top: 192.609px;"> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Kamsitish</h3> <div id="video_00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;false&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:0GpetMuIjl0&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;uz&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;uz&#34;: &#34;\u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="00f0763fcc964e6ab9bd3da6be2130d3"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@529c1d9e3fa74d5ba42f05d9580071ab"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@529c1d9e3fa74d5ba42f05d9580071ab" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <div class="wrap-collabsible"><input id="collapsible" class="toggle" type="checkbox" /> <label for="collapsible" class="lbl-toggle">Video transkripsiyasini ko'rsating.</label> <div class="collapsible-content"> <div class="content-inner"> <p>Salom! Mening ismim Maykl Shvarts.</p> <p>Men kar insonman.</p> <p>Men huquqshunosman va Sirakuz universitetining huquq professoriman.</p> <p>Siz uchun bir hikoyam bor. Shunday qilib, men 1981 yilda Nyu-York shahridagi Nyu-York universitetining yuridik fakultetini tamomlaganimda, birinchi urinishmdan keyin advokatlik imtixonidan o'tganimdan so'ng, Manxettendagi federal okrug sudyasiga yordamchi bo'lib ishga kirdim. Bu bir yil davom etdi va shundan keyin men 1988 yilda Nyu-York okrugi sud prokuraturasi idorasida tuman prokurori yordamchisi boʻlib ishladim va bu yetti yarim yil davom etdi.</p> <p>Keyin men Vashington shaxrida joylashgan AQSh Adliya vazirligiga advokat sifatida bordim. Men buni bir yil davomida qildim. Keyin men uch yil davomida mustaqil ravishda advokatlik qildim.</p> <p>Ish tajribam ko’zga tashlanarli, shunday emasmi?</p> <p>Buni sizga aytayotganimning sababi, uch yillik mustaqil amaliyotdan so‘ng, va umumiy hisobda 12 yoki 13 yil davlat sektorida ishlab bo’lgach, endi men xususiy yuridik firmalarda ishga kirishga qaror qildim.</p> <p>Men 135 ta yuridik firmaga ishga kirish uchun ariza yubordim. Arizalarimning uchdan bir qismi katta firmalarga, uchdan bir qismi o'rta hajmda firmalarga, va so’nggi uchdan bir qismi kichik hajmdagi firmalarga yuborildi. Airzalarimning kirish hatida o'zimning kar ekanligimni, lekin yaxshi gapirishimni va lablar orqali so’zlarni yaxshi tushunishimni ta’kidlab o'tdim.</p> <p>Bundan nima chiqdi?</p> <p>Natijada 135 ta rad javobini oldim. Garchi mening oldingi barcha ishlar bo'yicha ko’rsatkichlarim a'lo bo'lsa ham men 135 ta rad javobini oldim. Meni hattoki bitta ham suhbatga taklif qilishmadi. Xo'sh, sizga savolim bor: kar ekanligimni rad etishim kerakmidi yoki yo'qmi?</p> <p>Nima deb o'ylaysiz?</p> </div> </div> </div> <style><!-- input[type="checkbox"] { display: none; } .wrap-collabsible { margin: 1.2rem 0; } .lbl-toggle { display: block; font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; padding: 1rem; color: #ddd; background: #1b8ffa; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 7px; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; } .lbl-toggle:hover { color: #fff; } .lbl-toggle::before { content: " "; display: inline-block; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid currentColor; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.7rem; transform: translateY(-2px); transition: transform 0.2s ease-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle::before { transform: rotate(90deg) translateX(-3px); } .collapsible-content { max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.25s ease-in-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle + .collapsible-content { max-height: 100%; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle { border-bottom-right-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; } .collapsible-content .content-inner { background: rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.2); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.45); border-bottom-left-radius: 7px; border-bottom-right-radius: 7px; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } .collapsible-content p { margin-bottom: 0; } --></style> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e188e845077c43f1bf18d53f2d43c359"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@e188e845077c43f1bf18d53f2d43c359" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Mulohaza va tahlil qiling</h3> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/35e3fddcaecd0db1c41e4619312d6b26/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_ideas_s70l.png" alt="Reflect and analize" /></p> <p>Haqiqatan ham, nima deb o'ylaysiz? Mayklning ahvolini mulohaza yuritish va tahlil qilish uchun biroz vaqt ajrating.</p> <p>Bu hikoya qanday tugaganini bilish uchun ushbu modul oxirida Maykl bilan yana uchrashasiz!</p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9f23dab0a9624809a2bb0450007caf3f"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9f23dab0a9624809a2bb0450007caf3f" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Kirish</h4> <p>Hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, dunyo aholisining qariyb 15 foizi - bir milliard kishi nogironlik bilan yashaydi. Ularning qariyb 80 foizi rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda yashaydi. Dunyo bo'ylab katta foizni keksalar tashkil qiladi. Masalan, Avstraliya, Xitoy, Koreya Respublikasi va Vetnamdagi nogironlarning yarmidan ko'pi 60 yosh va undan katta, Yaponiyadagilarning qariyb uchdan ikki qismi esa 65 va undan katta yoshdagilardir. Bundan tashqari, dunyodagi barcha bolalarning taxminan 5 foizi (95 million bola) nogironlik bilan yashaydi, taxminan 0,7 foizi (13 million) nogironlikning og’ir shakli bilan yashaydi.</p> <p>Biroq, nogironlikni baholash ehtiyotkorlik bilan talqin qilinishi kerak. Nogironlikni tashkil etuvchi ta'riflar va shaxsning nogiron deb hisoblanadigan chegarasi turli mamlakatlarda juda xilma-xildir. Nogironlikni aniqlashda qo’llaniladigan savollar va o'lchovlardagi farqlar mamlakatlarni solishtirishni qiyinlashtiradi. Nogironlik darajasi ma'lumotlar manbasiga, ma'lumotlarni yig'ish usullariga va ko'rib chiqilgan nogironlik jihatlariga qarab ham farqlanadi.</p> <p>Ammo bu faqat raqamlar va statistika holos.</p> <p>Nogironlik tushunchasi insoniyatga hos bo’lgan boshqa tushunchalar bilan o'zaro bog'liqdir, chunki u insonga tegishli barcha hususuyatlarni qamrab oladi: irqi, jinsi, jinsiy orientatsiyasi, sinfi, yoshi, milliy kelib chiqishi, dini, va hokazo. Nogironligi bo'lgan shaxs jinsiy orientatsiya, irq yoki etnik kelib chiqishi kabi kamsitilishlarni keltirib chiqaradigan bir nechta toifalarga tegishli bo'lishi mumkin.</p> <p>Xo‘sh, “nogironlik” degan so‘zni o‘ylaganingizda, xayolingizga nima keladi? Bu nogironlar aravachasida o’tirgan shaxsmi yoki yo'l ko'rsatuvchi iti bor shaxsmi?</p> <p>Juda ko'zga ko'rinadigan va ko'pincha ommaviy axborot vositalarida tasvirlanganligi sababli ko’z oldingizda shunaqa tasvirlar paydo bo'ladi.</p> <p>Biroq, surunkali kasalliklarga chalingan ko'plab odamlar ko'rinmaydigan holat bilan yashaydilar - ular “ko’rinishidan” nogironga o'xshamaydi. Ko'rinmas nogironlik - bu har qanday surunkali kasallik, sog'liq holati yoki kundalik sharoitlarda darhol ko'rinmaydigan kasallik.</p> <p>Nogironlar haqidagi salbiy afsonalar, stereotiplar va munosabatlar nogironlar hamjamiyati uchun katta qiyinchiliklar tug'diradi. Biroq, ularga qarshi kurashish va fosh etish nogironlar hamjamiyati oldida turgan asosiy muammo bo'lib kelgan.</p> <p>Nogironlikni tushunish bo'yicha bilimlar va nogironligi bo’lgan va nogironligi bo’lmagan insonlar o'rtasidagi o'zaro munosabatlar nogironlik atrofidagi afsonalarni hal qilishda muhim vositadir.</p> <p>Shunday qilib, ushbu kursda nogironlar huquqlari doirasida aks ettirilgan asosiy tamoyillar va tushunchalarni ta'kidlaganimizdan so'ng, biz kengroq muammolar va tushunchalarni va ularning umumiy inson huquqlari bilan qanday bog'lanishini o'rganishga e'tibor qaratamiz.</p> <p></p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/6490e026e866fe50f406ed9bf9ef15b8/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_Faq_re_31cw.png" alt="Several slightly awkward questions you might have about disability" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@5233b77885754b1fa4964cb8084d3133"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@5233b77885754b1fa4964cb8084d3133" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3><em>Nogironlik haqida bir qancha noqulay savollar berilishi mumkin.</em></h3> <p>Tasavvur qiling-a, nogironligingiz bor, lekin u odamlarga ko'rinmagani uchun ular sizga nisbatan "soxta", "dangasa" yoki "g'alati" degan so’zlarni ishlatadilar. Qiziquvchanlik tabiiy hususiyat, va shuning uchun nogironlik haqida savollar tug'ilishi ham tabiiy. Ammo, ba'zida sizda so'rash unchalik qulay bo'lmagan savollar bo'lishi mumkin yoki savollarni so’rash ba'zida noo’rin bo’lishi mumkin!</p> <p><em>Qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun har bir yorliqni tanlang.</em></p> <div class="accordion"><input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" checked="checked" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Nogironligi bo’lgan insondan “Qanday qilib nogironlik bo’lgansiz?” deb so‘rasam bo‘ladimi?</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>"Sizga nima qilgan?", "Sizga nima bo’ldi?", "Siz shunday tug’ilganmisiz?"</p> <p>Yo'q, kimnidir birinchi marta uchratganingizda bu savollarni berish mutlaqo to'g'ri emas! Bunday savollar berish orqali siz u odamda birinchi o’rinda nogironlikni ko’rganingizni anglatadi.</p> <p>Bu haqiqatan ham juda shaxsiy masala va bu sizning sog'lig'ingiz yoki tibbiy tarixingiz haqida so'rashga o'xshaydi!</p> <p>U yoki bu odamni biroz yaxshiroq bilib olganingizdan so’ng, unga shaxsiy savollaringizni berishingiz mumkin, ammo hamma inson ham bir hil emas. Ba'zi odamlar o'zlarining nogironligi haqida gapirishishda juda qulay his qilishlari mumkin, ba’zilar esa bunday qilmasliklari mumkin. Shuning uchun har bir odamning o'zini tutishidan ishora oling.</p> <p>Shuni yodda tutingki, nogironligi bo'lgan odamda hech qanday yomon narsa yo'q. Shuning uchun hech qachon "Sizga nima qilgan?" deb so'ramang.</p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Agar bir insonni qo’li bitta bo’lsa, u bilan qanday qilib qo’l berib ko’rishaman?</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>Agar kimnidur qo’li bitta bo’lsa ham qo’l berib ko’rishavering! Oddiy hol! Hattoki ularning qo’l faoliyati cheklangan bo’lsa ham yoki ularda sun’iy qo’l (protez) bo’lsa ham qo’l berib ko’rishishni taklif qiling, chunki u hurmat belgisi hisoblanadi.</p> <p>Agar kimdir qo'l berib ko’risha olmasa, shunchaki tabassum bilan "salom" deb hurmat ko’rsating!</p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Agar kimdir nima deyotganini tushunmasam nima qilishim kerak?</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>Ba'zida odamlar gapirishda ko'proq qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishlari mumkin.</p> <p>Agar siz nogironligi bo'lgan odam bilan gaplashayotgan bo'lsangiz, lekin u nima deganiga ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa, undan takrorlashni so'rashdan qo'rqmang.</p> <p>Tushunganingizga ishonch hosil qilish uchun ular aytganlarini takrorlash ham ma’qul hisoblanadi. Yaxshisi, tushunmagan bo‘lsangiz o’zingizni tushungandek ko’rsatmang, shunchaki jilmayib, bosh irg‘ab qo‘ymang.</p> <p>Shuningdek, muloqot og’zaki nutq shaklida bo'lishi shart emas. Qalam va qog'oz, planshet yoki telefondan foydalanib ham muloqot qilishingiz mumkin.</p> <p>Gap shundaki, nogironlar aravachasi foydalanuvchilari unga bog‘lanib harakatsiz bo’lib qolmaganlar. Bu shunchaki ularga bir joydan boshqa joyga o'tish imkonini beruvchi qurilma. Va siz agar o'ylab ko'rsangiz, nogironlar aravachasidan foydalanish aslida bir joyda bog’lanib qolishning mutlaqo teskarisidir - bu odamni erkin qiladi va unga kuch beradi!</p> <p>Yodda tutingki, hamma ham nogironlar aravachasidan doimo foydalanishi shart emas. Shuning uchun ular tik turganda hayratga tushish yoki nogironlar aravachasidagi foydalanuvchilarni “soxta nogiron”likda ayblashning hojati yo‘q.</p> <p>Gap shundaki, kimdir nogironlar aravachasidan ma'lum vaqt davomida foydalanishi mumkin bo'lgan juda ko'p sabablar bor - masalan, ko'plab holatlar surunkali og'riq, charchoq yoki harakatsizlikni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Ehtimol, kimdir, masalan, multiskleroz bilan kasallangan bo'lishi mumkin va ba'zi kunlarda yurishni xohlaydi, boshqa kunlarida u nogironlar aravachasidan foydalanishi mumkin.</p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Nogironlar aravachasida kimnidir itarib yuborishim kerakmi?</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>Umuman olganda, siz egasining ruxsatisiz birovning aravachasini itarib yubormasligingiz kerak. Birovning nogironlar aravachasi aslida uning tanasi yoki shaxsiy makonining qismidir, shuning uchun bu nima uchun biroz noqulay bo'lishi mumkinligini ko'rishingiz mumkin!</p> <p>Shuningdek, nogironlar aravachasida o‘tirgan odam sizning yordamingizga muhtoj deb o‘ylamang, lekin agar yordam berishi mumkin deb o‘ylasangiz, undan so‘rang! Qahramon bo'lishga harakat qilishning hojati yo'q, faqat tabiiy bo'ling. Yordam berishning boshqa usullari ham bor, masalan, siz eshikni ochib turishingiz, sumkasini olib yurishingiz yoki boshqa yordam qo'lini berishingiz mumkin.</p> <p>Ammo esda tutingki, bu odam o'zini o’zi eplash uchun qobiliyatga ega bo'lishi mumkin, shuning uchun agar u yo'q desa, uning javobini hurmat qiling va masalani murakkablashtirmang.</p> <p>Va o'z-o'zidan ma'lumki, agar kimdir yordam so'rasa, unga yordam bering!</p> <p>Ko'pincha, odamlar nogironlik aravachasida yuradigan odamga to’g’ri niyat bilan yordam berishga harakat qilishadi - lekin biz ko'pincha odamlar haqiqatan ham kerak bo'lmaganida yordam berish uchun haddan oshib holatlarini ko'ramiz.</p> <p>Gap shundaki, ko'p odamlar aslida yordamga muhtoj emaslar va o'zlarining kundalik ehtiyojlarini o’zlari qondiradilar.</p> <p>Ammo, agar siz yordamingizdan foydalana oladigan odamni ko'rsangiz, eng yaxshisi, ulardan yordam kerakmi yoki yo'qligini so'rang! Ammo agar ular yo'q desalar, ularning javobini hurmat qiling va mavzuni murakkablashtirmang. Bu oddiy bir haqiqat!</p> </div> <input type="radio" name="select" class="accordion-select" /> <div class="accordion-title"><span>Biror bir nogironligi bor shaxs haqida “ilxomlantiruvchi” deb aytishim mumkinmi?</span></div> <div class="accordion-content"> <p>Bu savolga oddiy javob topish qiyin.</p> <p>To‘g‘ri, agar sizning suhbatdoshingiz o‘z oldiga ulkan maqsad qo‘yish va unga erishish kabi juda hayratlanarli deb hisoblagan ishni amalga oshirgan bo‘lsa, unda u ilhomlantirmoqda deyish o‘rinli.</p> <p>Lekin, bizningcha, kimdir nogironligi borligi uchungina ilhomlantiradi desangiz, yo'q.</p> <p>Ularning nazarida ular shunchaki o'z hayotlarini o'tkazishmoqda. Ehtimol, o'zlarining kundalik ishlari bilan shug'ullanishadi, ya’ni, ishga borish, kechki ovqat pishirish va undan so’ng kinoserial tomosha qilishni anglatishi mumkin! Ajoyib hayot - lekin, ehtimol, maqtovga muhtoj harakatlar emasdir.</p> </div> </div> <style><!-- .accordion { box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .accordion-select { cursor: pointer; margin: 0; opacity: 0; z-index: 1; } .accordion-title { position: relative; } .accordion-title:not(:nth-last-child(2))::after { border: 1px solid transparent; bottom: 0; content: ''; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .accordion-title span { bottom: 0.7em; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 100%; } .accordion-content { box-sizing: border-box; overflow: auto; position: relative; transition: margin 0.3s ease 0.1s; } .accordion-select:checked + .accordion-title + .accordion-content { margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 0; } /* Generated styles starts here */ .accordion { border-color: #484f52; border-radius: 5px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; flex-direction: column; 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Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-7" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@4c175a1001b74cd08c0f54e5c9e69ad4"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@4c175a1001b74cd08c0f54e5c9e69ad4" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Noxolis qarashlar va afsonalar</h3> <p><strong>Noxolislik bu inson tabiatining xususiyatimi?</strong></p> <p>Bo’lishi mumkin. Noxolislik boshqalarga qanday munosabatda bo'lishimiz va vaziyatlarga qanday munosabatda bo'lishimizga ta'sir qiladi. Noxolis munosabat nafaqat insonlarning etnik kelib chiqishi va irqi, balki yoshi, jinsi, jinsiy moyilligi, jismoniy nogironligi, semizligi, ijtimoiy guruhlar va dinini ham o'z ichiga oladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/4cc3bcda9a58f9ab7c06d1d724d9e70d/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_unicorn_dp2f.png" alt="Biases and myths" /></p> <p>Noxolis qarashlar natijasida nogironlarga nisbatan quyidagi munosabatlar shakllanadi:</p> <ul> <li>Achinarli</li> <li>Nochor, hatto bolalardek ("bechora");</li> <li>Nogironligi uchun la'natlanadi va jazolanadi;</li> <li>Ahvoli tufayli azobda;</li> <li>Ota-onalari bilan yoki maxsus muassasada yashagani yaxshiroq;</li> <li>Jinsiy hayoti izdan chiqqan;</li> <li>O’rganishga qodir emas;</li> <li>O’zini o’zi eplay olmaydi va zarur kundalik ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun o’zgalar ko’magiga haddan tashqari qaram bo’ladi;</li> <li>Ishlay olmaydi yoki ishni kechiktiradi;</li> <li>O'z oilasiga ega bo'lolmaydi / bolalarni yaxshi tarbiyalay olmaydi;</li> <li>Ta’lim ola olmaydi yoki faqat alohida dasturlar orqali maxsus ta’lim olishi mumkin;</li> <li>Jamiyatning madaniy va ko‘ngilochar tadbirlarida qatnasha olmaydi;</li> <li>Hayoti yashashga arzimaydi;</li> <li>Tibbiyot mutaxassislari tominidan tuzatilishni talab etadi;</li> <li>Nogironligi bo’lmagan odamlar dunyosidan darg’azab.</li> </ul> <p>Biroq, ularga qarshi kurashish va fosh etish nogironlar hamjamiyati oldida turgan asosiy muammo bo'lib kelgan.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-8" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@1726fdd4168c41299a9a0360c2ac3c17"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@1726fdd4168c41299a9a0360c2ac3c17" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Afsonalar va dalillar</h3> <p>Biz hammamiz sevadigan va hayratga soladigan eng katta yulduzlarning ba'zilari ko'rinmas kasalliklar va nogironliklarga ega ekanligini bilasizmi?</p> <p><img height="481" width="728" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/ef016f4794230e5e2f3a7898016e3be6/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/stars.jpg" alt="lena Gomez has Lupus, Jack Osbourne has MS, Demi Lovato has bipolar disorder, Little Wayne has epilepsy, Morgan Freeman has a chronic pain condition (fibromyalgia), Richard Gere and Ben Stiller have had Lyme Disease, Halle Berry has diabetes, and Amanda Seyfried has anxiety." /></p> <p>Mana bir nechta misollar: Selena Gomezda qizil yuguruk, Jek Osbornda multiskleroz, Demi Lovatoda bipolyar kasallik (Maniakal-depressiv psixoz), Litl Ueynda epilepsiya, Morgan Frimanda surunkali og‘riq (fibromiyalgiya), Richard Gir va Ben Stillerda Layma kasalligi bor, Xolli Berrida qandli diabet va Amanda Seyfridda ruhiy sarosimalik tashxislari bor.</p> <p>Bir narsa aniq: bu odamlarning hech biriga o'z tanlagan sohalarida muvaffaqiyatli martaba yaratishga to'sqinlik qilmadi. Eng yaxshi tomoni: ular o'zlarining sharoitlari haqida ochiq gapirishni tanladilar, ko'rinmas kasallik va nogironlik haqida xabardorlikni oshirish va stigma bilan kurashishga yordam berishdi.</p> <p>Keling, skeptiklardan eshitishingiz mumkin bo'lgan beshta keng tarqalgan afsonani ko'rib chiqaylik va sizning noxolis qarashlaringizni yengishning beshta amaliy usulini taklif qilaylik.</p> <p><i>Batafsil o'qish uchun har bir raqamlangan bobni tanlang.</i></p> <div class="slider"><input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-1" checked="checked" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-2" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-3" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-4" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-5" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-6" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-7" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-8" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-9" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-10" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-11" /> <input type="radio" name="toggle" id="btn-12" /> <div class="slider-controls"><label for="btn-1">1</label> <label for="btn-2">2</label> <label for="btn-3">3</label> <label for="btn-4">4</label> <label for="btn-5">5</label></div> <ul class="slides"> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>Afsona 1: Ba’zi odamlarning nogironligi “soxta”</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text"><strong>Dalil: </strong>Bu juda muhim - chunki, afsuski, ko'rinmas nogironligi bo'lgan odamlar ko'pincha o'zlarining alomatlarini soxtalashtirish yoki yolg’ondan ko’rsatishda ayblanadilar - "lekin siz kasal ko'rinmaysiz" yoki "nogironga o'xshamaysiz" iboralari juda keng tarqalgan!</h3> <h3 class="slide-text">Tasavvur qiling-a, sizda juda aniq tashxis bor va siz odamlarni shunchaki "gipoxondriya" yoki "yalqov" emasligingizga ishontira olmaysiz?! Bundan ham yomoni, bu odamlarning o'zlarining nogironliklari haqida gapirishlariga to'sqinlik qiladi yoki o'z tajribalarini kamaytirib ko’rsatishlariga olib keladi. Bu esa jamiyatga ko’rinmaslik va stigmani kuchaytiradi! “Menda shunga o'xshash narsa bor edi va men uni yengib oldim” yoki “bu unchalik yomon bo'lishi mumkin emas” deb o'ylash juda oson bo'lsa-da, esda tutingki, sodir bo‘layotgan voqealar ko‘zga ko‘rinadiganidan ham ko‘proq bo‘lishi mumkin.</h3> <h3 class="slide-text">Biz hammamiz sevadigan va hayratga soladigan eng katta yulduzlarning ba'zilari ko'rinmas kasalliklar va nogironliklarga ega ekanligini bilasizmi?</h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>Afsona 2:Kimdir ularga doimo yordam berishi kerak.</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text"><strong>Dalil: </strong>Agar kasbga moslashish uchun o’rganish bosqichi yaxshi yo’lga qo’yilsa, bunday bo'lmaydi. Aksariyat hollarda nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar o'zlarining nogironligiga moslashgan va bu ularning yordamsiz ishlash qobiliyatiga ta'sir qilmaydi.</h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>Afsona 3: Nogironligi bo'lgan ishchilar boshqa ishchilarga yomon ta'sir qiladi</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text"><strong>Dalil: </strong>Ko'pincha nogironligi bo'lgan ishchi ish joyiga qo'shimcha xilma-xillik keltiradi. Misol uchun, nogironlar aravachasidan foydalanadigan kishi, yurish yo'laklari va ofislarni tartibga solib, hamma uchun qulaylik muhit yaratishga hissa qo’shishi mumkin. O'rganishda nuqsoni bo'lgan kishi nafaqat so'zlarga, balki ranglarga ham asoslangan fayl tizimini ishlab chiqishi mumkin, bu esa samaradorlik va foydalanish qulayligini oshiradi.</h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>Afsona 4:Nogironlar boshqa odamlarga qaraganda sezgirroq, jasurroq, mehribonroq, ijodkorroq, hayratlanarliroq yoki vijdonliroqdirlar.</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text"><strong>Dalil: </strong>Nogiron odamlarning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari yo'q, ular xuddi siz ishlaydigan boshqa odamlar kabi.</h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>Afsona 5: Nogironligi bo'lgan shaxslar muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchramaydigan ishlarga joylashtirilishi kerak</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text"><strong>Dalil:</strong> Har bir inson muvaffaqiyatga erishish bilan bir qatorda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka ham haqli. Kimnidir ma’lum lavozimga tayinlash yoki lavozimini ko’tarishga qaror qilayotganingizda unga nisbatan “muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraydi” degan taxminingizdan ehtiyot bo’ling. Agar bu odam eng munosib nomzod bo'lsa, unga ham boshqa birovga beradigan imkoniyatni bering.</h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title"><strong>6. Muayyan harbiy harakatlarni kuzatish</strong></h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Muayyan harbiy harakatlarni kuzatish uchun talablar va bajarilishi kerak bo'lgan shartlar.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: xabar berish va kuzatish uchun turli talablar.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">7. Yillik kalendar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Boshqa ishtirokchi davlatlarga taqdim etilishi kerak bo'lgan xabar qilinadigan harbiy harakatlar va milliy bayramlar to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: yillik kalendarlarning ishtirokchi davlatlar uchun rejalashtirish vositasi sifatidagi qiymati.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">8. Cheklovchi qoidalar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Ushbu bobda ishtirokchi-davlatlar bajarishi mumkin bo'lgan xabardor qilinadigan harbiy harakatlar hajmi va soniga qo'shimcha cheklovlar ko'rib chiqiladi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Ba'zi harbiy mashqlar qanchalik katta bo'lishi mumkinligini ko'rsatish.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">9. Muvofiqlik va tekshirish</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Hujjatning yana bir muhim bobi; ishtirokchi davlatlar Vena hujjatiga juda jiddiy rioya qilishadi. Ishonch va xavfsizlikni mustahkamlash choralari ishlashi uchun ularni tekshirish usullari bo'lishi kerak. Shu sababli, tekshiruvlar va baholashlar uchun shartlar mavjud va ishtirokchi davlatlar ulardan boshqalarning o'zlari tuzgan kelishuvlarga rioya qilishlariga yordam berish uchun foydalanadilar.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Shaffoflikni ta'minlashda tekshirish va baholashning asosiy roli.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">10. Mintaqaviy o'lchovlar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Bu yerda biz ishtirokchi-davlatlar oshkoralik va ishonchni oshirish uchun qabul qilishga da'vat etilgan qo'shimcha ixtiyoriy mintaqaviy chora-tadbirlarni ko'rib chiqadilar. Bular Vena hujjatida ko'rsatilgan CSBMlarga qo'shimchadir.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Ko'rilishi mumkin bo'lgan chora-tadbirlar va mintaqaviy kelishuvlarga misollar.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">11. Amalga oshirishni baholash bo'yicha yillik yig'ilish</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: YXHTga aʼzo davlatlarning milliy tekshirish agentliklari xodimlarining ushbu yigʻilishida Vena hujjati CSBMlari amalda qanchalik yaxshi tatbiq etilayotgani muhokama qilinadi va kelajakda ularni amalga oshirishni yaxshilash yoʻllarini izlaydi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: CSBMni amalga oshirishni baholashda ma'lumot almashinuvining qiymati.</a></h3> </div> </li> <li class="slide"> <div class="slide-content"> <h2 class="slide-title">12. Yakuniy qoidalar</h2> <h3 class="slide-text">Tavsif: Ushbu yakunlovchi bobda Vena hujjati qanday yangilangan va dolzarb bo'lishi mumkinligi ko'rib chiqiladi.</h3> <h3><a class="slide-link">Asosiy e'tibor: Vena hujjati bugungi kun kontekstida barqarorlik va xavfsizlikni ta'minlash uchun eng yaxshi imkoniyatga ega bo'lishini ta'minlash.</a></h3> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <p><em>Batafsil ma'lumot olish uchun videoni tomosha qilamiz.</em></p> <style><!-- .slider { position: relative; width: 99%; height: 550px; margin: 50px auto; box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14), 0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); background-color: #F0F0E1; overflow: hidden; } .slider-controls { position: absolute; bottom: 20px; left: 50%; width: 80%; text-align: center; transform: translatex(-50%); z-index: 1000; list-style: none; text-align: center; } .slider input[type="radio"] { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; opacity: 0; width: 0; height: 0; } .slider-controls label { text-align: center; 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@7a69fc4a2bd24c599348ba4eb4387691" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9639f4d2e8f14b27a9e9d3624df95d24"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9639f4d2e8f14b27a9e9d3624df95d24" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Funktsiyalanish, nogironlik va salomatlikning xalqaro tasnifi (NXT)</h3> <p>NXT nomi bilan tanilgan <em>funktsiyalanish, nogironlik va salomatlikning xalqaro tasnifi</em> salomatlik va sog'liq bilan bog'liq sohalarning tasnifidir.</p> <p>NXTda nogironlik ko’p qirrali tushuncha sifatida qaraladi. Nogironlik insonning tanasi qismlari bilan bog’liq jihatlardan va insonning hayot kechirishiga ta’sir etuvchi jihatlardan iborat bo’lishi mumkin. Shunga mos ravishda, NXTda nogironlikning uchta o'lchovi tan olingan:</p> <ul> <li>Tana funktsiyasi va tuzilmasi</li> <li>Shaxsiy omillar va tashqi muhit bilan bog’liq omillar</li> <li>Faoliyat (har bir shaxsning bajaradigan faoliyati) va ishtirok (jamiyat hayotida ishtiroki)</li> </ul> <p>Nogironlikni bir nechta keng toifalarga bo'lish mumkin, ular quyidagi sakkiz asosiy nogironlik turini o'z ichiga oladi.</p> <ol> <li>Harakatlanish/jismoniy</li> <li>Orqa miya</li> <li>Bosh jarohatlari</li> <li>Ko'rish</li> <li>Eshitish</li> <li>Anglash (Kognitiv)/O’rganish</li> <li>Ruhiy</li> <li>Ko’rinmas</li> </ol> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/93087157b57c678a91f4cce1b6d0d190/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_doctors_hwty.png" alt="The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" /></p> <h4>Aqliy va jismoniy nogironlik</h4> <p>Aqliy nogironlik va jismoniy nogironlik, ikkalasi ham rivojlanishdagi nogironlik atamasi doirasiga kiradi. Bular tug'ilishda yoki bolalikda paydo bo'lishi mumkin bo’lgan surunkali kasalliklar. Lekin, albatta, 22 yoshgacha va ba'zida, lekin har doim ham emas, birgalikda sodir bo'ladi.</p> <p>Masalan, miya yarim falajligi - bu jismoniy nogironlik bo'lib, u o'z-o'zidan aqliy faoliyatga ta'sir qilmaydi, ammo miya yarim falaji bilan yashaydiganlarning 20-30 foizida kognitiv nogironlik ham mavjud. Boshqa tomondan, Daun sindromi aqliy cheklanishning eng keng tarqalgan sababidir, ammo Daun sindromi bilan yashaydigan insonlar orasida aqliy cheklanish darajasi juda katta farq qiladi.Biror kishiga aqliy nogironlik tashxisi qo'yilishi uchun odam o'rtacha IQ darajasidan ancha past (70 ball yoki undan past) bo'lishi va kundalik faoliyat ko'nikmalarida jiddiy cheklovlarga ega bo'lishi kerak, jumladan:</p> <ul> <li>Til va savodxonlik kabi kontseptual ko'nikmalar;</li> <li>Ijtimoiy mas'uliyat va muammolarni hal qilish kabi ijtimoiy ko'nikmalar; va</li> <li>O’z shaxsiy extiyojlarini qondirish, puldan foydalanish va kasbiy ko'nikmalar kabi amaliy ko'nikmalar.</li> </ul> <h4>Ruhiy kasallik</h4> <p>Ruhiy kasallik, ya’ni, ruhiy salomatlik buzilishi yoki xulq-atvorning buzilishi sifatida ham tanilgan, aqliy nogironlik bilan bir xil emas.</p> <p>Ruhiy salomatlik buzilishlari kayfiyat, fikrlash jarayonlari yoki xatti-harakatlariga ta'sir qiladi va har qanday odamda hayotining istalgan vaqtida namoyon bo'lishi mumkin. Ruhiy kasallik kognitiv qobiliyatlarga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ta'sir qilmaydi, lekin insonning his-tuyg'ulari va fikrlash jarayonlarini o'zgartirishi va insonning kundalik faoliyati va boshqalar bilan munosabatda bo'lish qobiliyatiga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Ruhiy kasallik va aqliy nogironlik birgalikda yuzaga kelganda, "ikki tomonlama tashxis" deb yuritiladi.</p> <p>Nogironlikning tasnifi va turlarini tushunish muhim bo'lsa-da, ushbu kurs davomida biz nogironlar huquqlari va ularning umumiy inson huquqlari bilan bog’liqligi aks ettirilgan asosiy tamoyillar va tushunchalarni o'z ichiga olgan kengroq muammolar va tushunchalarni o'rganishga e'tibor qaratamiz.</p> <p><span class="fa fa-globe fa-2x" aria-hidden="true" title="Website activity"> </span><span style="white-space: pre;"> <a href="https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health" target="_blank"> Funktsiyalanish, nogironlik va salomatlikning xalqaro tasnifi (NXT)</a></span></p> <div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 1242px; top: 15.5938px;"> <div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@2912ffe80e3a479ab810ee9ad21856ee"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@2912ffe80e3a479ab810ee9ad21856ee" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Nogironlik bo'yicha tadqiqotning asosiy tamoyillari.</h3> <p>Ikki tamoyil: <strong>"Biz haqimizda doim biz orqali"</strong> va "<strong>salohiyatga ishonch</strong>".</p> <p>So'nggi uch yoki to'rt o'n yillikda <em>nogironlikni o’rganish</em> ilmiy sohasi rivojlanishida shu ikki muhim tamoyil asos bo’lgan. Nogironlikni o’rganish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar dasturi, boshqa masalalar bilan bir qatorda, nogironlar uchun inson huquqlari masalalari atrofida izlanish olib boradi.</p> <p>"Biz haqimizda doim biz orqali" g’oyasi nogironlarning qudratini oshirishga e’tiborni qaratadi. Nogironlar bir stol atrofida o’tirib ularning huquqlari amalda qanchalik ishlayotganini muhokama qiladilar.</p> <p>"Salohiyatga ishonch"ning g'oyasi - nogiron shaxsning o'z ishlarini hal qilish va inson huquqlaridan foydalanish qobiliyatiga ega ekanligiga ishonishni anglatadi. Ko'pincha ishtirokchi-davlatlar, shaxslar, fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlari va xususiy sektor shaxsni nogironligi borligi sababli qobiliyatsiz deb hisoblashadi.</p> <h4>Sizningcha, odamlar sizni nogiron sifatida qanday ko'rishadi?</h4> <p>Ijtimoiy qarashlar, tushunchalar, tushunmovchiliklar va xabardorlikning etishmasligi nogironlar uchun inson huquqlaridan foydalanish va ularni amalga oshirish uchun katta qiyinchiliklar tug'diradi. Nogironlarni mehnatga layoqatsiz deb hisoblagan ish beruvchi uni ishga qabul qilishni rad etish yoki ishdan bo'shatish orqali uning inson huquqlarini buzishi mumkin.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Nogironlik-siz meni qanday ko&#39;rasiz</h3> <div id="video_1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;true&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:bwW6mYdJ7Xc&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="1593dd042c3445d7932fa5b324402c99"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@704b40dcd9d747e6b65d3be7ec4e50ed" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a317c68a94ba4b858ba36ccc780510c7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@a317c68a94ba4b858ba36ccc780510c7" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Nogironlikning turli xil modellari</h3> <p>Nogironlikning ko'p turlarini hal qilish maqsadida nogironlikni aniqlashning bir nechta modellari ishlab chiqilgan.</p> <p>Nogironlik modellari jamiyat nogironlar hayotiga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan dasturlar va xizmatlar, qonunlar, qoidalar va tuzilmalarni ishlab chiqishda yo’nalish beradi. </p> <p>Nogironlikning quyida keltirilgan amaldagi asosiy modellaridan tashqari funktsional model, shaxsiyat modeli, biotibbiyot modeli, kasbiy model, diniy va boshqa modellar ham kirishi mumkin.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/13b29705f1d6f45acb7491ad2c6553dc/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_web_browsing_p77h.png" alt="Different models of disability" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Nogironlikning Tibbiy modeli va Ijtimoiy modeli o&#39;rtasidagi farqlar</h3> <div id="video_be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, 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&#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="be836e3f8a2a46649ef2696cb85379e1"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@cc07ec57cdd345df90157307c4d2859c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@cc07ec57cdd345df90157307c4d2859c" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <div class="wrap-collabsible"><input id="collapsible" class="toggle" type="checkbox" /> <label for="collapsible" class="lbl-toggle">Video transkripsiyasini ko'rsating.</label> <div class="collapsible-content"> <div class="content-inner"> <p>Ushbu qisqa video kurs orqali hozir Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli va ijtimoiy modeli o’rtasidagi farqni tushuntirishga harakat qilaman. Nogironlikning asosan ikkita modeli hozirgi kunda muhokama qilinyapti. Bular tibbiy model va ijtimoiy model. Mana quyidagi slaydimiz orqali farqlarni tushunamiz. Demak, birinchi o’rinda bu yerda tibbiy model bilan ijtimoiy modelni o’rtasidagi farqni tushunish uchun bir yangi shartli atama ishlatishga to’g’ri keladi. Aks holda, ikkalasini farqini, ya’ni ikkita model o’rtasidagi farqni tushuntirib bo’lmaydi. Demak, bittasi Tana Funksiyasi Cheklanishi, ya’ni bu shartli atama hozircha mana shu slaydlarni tushuntirish uchun. Ikkinchi so’z bu ko’pchillikka tanish bo’lgan Nogironlik. Bularni biz qisqartmalar sifatida ishlatamiz shu video davomida. Demak, Tana Funksiyasi Cheklanishi deganda, TFCH qisqartmasini ishlatamiz, Nogironlik deganda N qisqartmasini ishlatamiz.</p> <p>Demak, tibbiy modelda mana ko’rib turibmiz TFCH, ya’ni Tana Funksiyasi Cheklanishi va, N, ya’ni Nogironlik. Bularni ikkalasini o’rtasidagi qanaqa bir bo’g’liqlik masalasini ko’rsataman. TFCh, ya’ni Tana Funksiyasi Cheklanishi va Nogironlik deganda, agar tibbiy modelga asoslanadigan bo’lsak, tana funksiyasi cheklanadigan inson demak bu nogiron inson deb tushuniladi ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklanishi u insonni nogironlikka olib keladi yoki nogiron degan tushunchani beradi. Tana Funksiyasi Cheklanishiga agar biz misol qiladigan bo’lsak, nogironlik aravachasida yuradigan insonlar bor, hassalarda yurishadi, ko’zi ojiz insonlar bo’lishi mumkin yoki eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan insonlar bo’lishi mumkin, ya’ni biz o’sha odatda nogiron deb ataydigan odamlarimizni mana bu yerda hozir tana funksiyasi cheklanishi bor insonlar deyapmiz. Demak, tibbiy model o’sha odamlarni nogiron deydi.</p> <p>Ijtimoiy model esa, o’sha insonlarimizni, ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson desak shartli ravishda, nogiron deb atamaydi ularni. Ya’ni, ijtimoiy modelga asoslansak tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson nogiron degani emas, xuddi tibbiy model aytganidek emas. Buni o’rtada mana qizil chiziq ajratib turibdi ko’rib turibsizlar, tepada esa qizil chiziq strelka bo’lib ketgan. Xop, yana xozir tushuntirib beraman keyingi slayd orqali. Demak, Tibbiy model bu tana funksiyasi cheklangan odamni hammasi nogiron deb ataydi. Ijtimoiy model esa, bir xil bunaqa tushunishga ega emas deb qat’iy bir belgi qo’ymaydi.</p> <p>Demak, tana funksiyasi cheklanishi deganda, mana bitta misol ko’rib turganimiz nogironlik aravachasida o’tirgan bir bolani ko’rib turibmiz. Demak, balki bu bolada endi mayli umumiy tushunchalardan kelib chiqib aytadigan bo’lsak, qaysidir tanasini qismidagi holat balki nogironlik aravasida o’tirmasdan o’zi mustaqil yurishida qiyinchilik tug’dirar yoki uzoq masofa yura olmas oyog’ida, xullas ma’lum bir sabab tufayli aravachada mana o’tiribdi tana funksiyasida cheklanish borligi tufayli. Endi bu birinchi mana ko’rib turganimiz bu biz nogiron deb atab tushunamiz, ya’ni tibbiy model mana shu turishda ko’rdimi nogiron deb ataydi insonni. Tibbiy modelni ilgari suradigan insonlar yoki tibbiy model asosida fikrlaydigan insolar nogiron deb ataydi. Ijtimoiy modeldagilar esa, bunaqa fikrga bormaydi, ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklanishi nogiron degani emas, deb bir fikr berishi mumkin. Unga nogiron bo’lishga buni tana funksiyasi cheklanishiga sababchi emas faqat yoki shu holatda biz batamom nogiron deya olmaymiz deydi ijtimoiy model tarafdorlari.</p> <p>Demak, ijtimoiy model asosiga qaraydigan bo’lsak, agar bu insonni o’sha tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson ma’lum bir faoilyatni bajarmoqchi bo’lganda, u to’siqqa duch kelsa, mana ikkinchi rasmda ma’lum bir faoliyat, ya’ni zinadan chiqish kerak. Mana shu faoilyat desak endi bunaqa faoilyatlar ko’p bo’lishi mumkin. Misol uchun, o’zi ertalab choy damlab choy ichishi, o’zi ertalab uyqudan turganida yuvinishi, kiyinishi degan faoilyatlar bor. Mana shu faoliyatlarni bajarishga qiynalsa yoki bajara olmasa demak to’siqqa duch keldimi demak buni tana funksiyasi, ya’ni tanasining holati to’siqqa duch kelgan holda uni nogironlik holatiga keltiryapti. Ya’ni, tushungan bo’lsanglar ijtimoiy model aytadiki, bu insonning ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan insonning atrof muhitidagi holat faoliyatni bajarishga to’sqinlik qilyaptimi, ya’ni unga qulay emasmi, mos emasmi, to’siq bormi, demak o’shanda bu inson nogironlikni his qilyapti deb aytadi ijtimoiy model. Demak, faoliyat cheklanishga olib keladigan holat, ijtimoiy modeldan nogironlik holatini aytadi.</p> <p>Mana misol, keyingi rasmda mana Ishtirok ma’lum bir insonni ya’ni, tana funksiyasi cheklangan insonni jamiyat hayotida ishtirok etishida to’siq bo’lyapti. Jamiyat hayoti deganda, misol uchun, avtobus bo’lishi mumkin, magazin bo’lishi mumkin, mana bu rasmda yoki maktab bo’lishi mumkin yoki oila hayotidami to’laqonli ishtirok eta olmasa, uni tanadagi funksiya cheklnaganlik tufayli emas, uni qabul qilishmasa, uni oldida to’siqlar turgan bo’lsa, agar unga mos keladigan ta’lim tizimi bo’lmasa, demak u ishtirok eta olmayapti jamiyat hayotida. Demak u nogironlikni his qilayapti.</p> <p>Ho’sh, yana misolni takrorlayman, tana funksiyasi cheklangan insonlarni tibbiy modelda nogiron deb ataydi, ijtimoiy model esa uni hayotida bo’ladigan voqealarni inobatga oladi. Ya’ni, faoliyat cheklanyaptimi, faoliyat cheklanishdagi sabablarni inobatga oladi yoki ishtirok etishida to’siqlar bormi, yoki unga qulay sharoit yaratilmaganmi – ijtimoiy model mana bularni inobatga oladi nogiron deyishdan avval.</p> <p>Demak, ijtimoiy model e’tiborni jamiyatdagi, atrof muhitdagi holatlarga to’siqlarga e’tiborni qaratishga chorlaydi. Shuning uchun ham bu ijtimoiy deyiladi, ya’ni jamiyatda ijtimoiy hayotdagi omillarni inobatga olish kerak deb nogironlik haqida fikr yuritadi. Demak, ijtimoiy jamiyatda o’rab turgan muhitdagi to’siqlar olib tashlansa, tana funksiya cheklangan inson ham nogironligini his qilmasligi mumkin.</p> <p>Endi keyingi slaydimiz yana ularni ikkalasini o’rtasidagi farqni tushuntirishga yordam beradi, ya’ni tibbiy model bilan ijtimoiy model o’rtasidagi farqni. Xop, tibbiy model va ijtimoiy model. Tibbiy modelning maqsadi, ya’ni tibbiy modelga asoslangan yondashuv desak, insonlarni ya’ni, tana funksiyasi cheklangan insonlarning, demak mana rasmda ko’rgan yigitni aytadigan bo’lsak, uni qayta normal bo’lishi kerak bizni maqsadimiz buni normal, ya’ni misol uchun yuradigan qilishimiz kerak yoki yuguradigan qilishimiz kerak deb maqsad qo’yamiz. Ijtimoiy modelning maqsadi esa, ishtirok etsin, jamiyat hayotida ishtirok etish hohlagan joyida ishtirok etsin, ya’ni ishtirok deganda to’siqlarni muhitdagi yoki uni ishtirokiga halaqit qiluvchi omillarni bartaraf etishga e’tibor qaratish, maqsad shu. Ya’ni, uni tanasidagi holati nogironlik aravasida o’tirishi mumkin, oyog’ida yura olmasligi mumkin, lekin shu holatda ham ishtirok eta olishi mumkin. Demak maqsadi ikkalasini farq qiladi. Tibbiy modelga ko’ra, agar nogironligi bor inson, ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson jamiyat hayotida, maktabda, ishxonada ishlashi uchun birinchi o’rinda biz uni normal holatga keltirishimiz kerak, shartli ravishda. Keyin u ishtirok etishi mumkin. Ijtimoiy model esa, yo’q ishtirok etishi uchun normal holatga keltirish muhim emas, ya’ni jamiyatdagi yoki uning atrof muhitini unga qulaylashtirish kerak, to’siqlarni bartaraf etish kerak deydi. Demak, maqsadi farq qilayapti ularni. Ya’ni, ideal eng ma’qul yo’l deb qaraydi tibbiy model o’sha normal holatga keltirishni. Yechimi, xop qanaqa yechim? Qanaqa yo’l tutadi bular? Tibiiy model demak reabilitatsiya qilish kerak, ya’ni reabilitatsiya deganda o’sha funksiyasini tiklash kerak, ya’ni yura olmaydigan holatda bo’lsa, demak uni tiklash kerak, reabilitatsiya orqali yoki nimadir orqali yoki qo’shimcha bir operatsiyalar orqali, tibbiy yechimlar orqali deyiladi ko’pincha. Ya’ni, shuning uchun tibbiy model deb aytiladi. Ijtimoiy model esa, ijtimoiy o’zgarish qilish kerak, ya’ni jamiyatdagi o’zgarishlar qilish kerak, munosabatlar o’zgarishi kerak, to’siqlar qanaqadir qurilish bilan bog’liqmi, transportdagi to’siqlarmi yoki ish joyiga joylashish bilan bog’liq to’sqilar bormi, odamlarni munosabatiga bog’liqmi, qanaqadir jamiyatdagi holatlar yo’l qo’ymaydigan bo’lsa, ana shularni o’zgartirish orqali maqsadga erishish umkin deydi yuqoridagi ishtirok maqsadi. Demak yechimini boshqacha ko’radi ikkalasi ham.</p> <p>Jarayon qanaqa kechadi? Tibbiy modelda jarayon shunaqa: Nogiron, ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson nogiron deb qaraydi tibbiy model. Demak, birinchi bosqich nogironmi u? Biror nima qila olishi kerak birinchi u, ya’ni faoliyat bajara olishi kerak u, yura olishi kerak, u o’zi mustaqil ovqat yeya olishi kerak yoki u gapira olishi kerak yoki u ko’zini ochib ko’ra olishi kerak degan ishlarni qo’yadi. Ya’ni, o’sha odam ni tanasi mana shunday ishlarni qila olishi kerak deydi. Undan keyin u ishtirok qila oladi, undan keyin u maktabga bora oladi, undan keyin u oila qura oladi, undan keyin u bozorga bora oladi, undan keyin u kitob o’qiy oladi deydi. Mana shunaqa narsalarni shart sifatida qo’yadi tibbiy model ishtirokni ta’minlash uchun. Ijtimoi model esa, demak tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson o’sha turishda turishi mumkin uni tanasidagi holati hech qanaqa, misol uchun, boshqacha ko’rinishga keltirish shart emas. Unga o’sha holatida oqilona qulaylik yaratilishi kerak ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan inson ko’zi ojiz inson desak, ko’zi ojiz inson kitob mutolaa qilishi uchun ko’zini jarroxlik qilibmi yoki nimadir qilib ko’zini ko’radigan qilish shartmas, unga qulaylik yaratilishi kerak. Kitob ni o’qiy oladigan, darsni bajara oladigan formatda sharoit bo’lishi kerak, ya’ni kitoblarni Brayl yozuvidami yoki kitoblarni agar insonni eshitish funksiyasi cheklanmagan bo’lsa, unga o’sha kitoblarni ovozli variantda taklif etish, ya’ni qulaylik yaratish orqali uni ishtirokiga erishish mumkin. Demak ikkalasi, ya’ni tibbiy model bilan ijtimoiy model o’rtasidagi katta farqlarni mana tushuntirdik. Ijtimoiy model jamiyatdagi, atrof muhitdagi bo’lib turgan holat va hodisalarga yoki voqelikka e’tiborni ham qaratadi va inkor etmaydi nogironlikni tushuntirganda. Tibbiy model esa o’sha insonni o’ziga, ya’ni tana funksiyasi cheklangan insonni o’ziga bog’liq uni nogironlik holatini his qilishi deb qaraydi. Mana ana shu ikkalasi katta farqlar ikkita model o’rtasida.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <style><!-- input[type="checkbox"] { display: none; } .wrap-collabsible { margin: 1.2rem 0; } .lbl-toggle { display: block; font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; padding: 1rem; color: #ddd; background: #1b8ffa; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 7px; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; } .lbl-toggle:hover { color: #fff; } .lbl-toggle::before { content: " "; display: inline-block; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid currentColor; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.7rem; transform: translateY(-2px); transition: transform 0.2s ease-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle::before { transform: rotate(90deg) translateX(-3px); } .collapsible-content { max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.25s ease-in-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle + .collapsible-content { max-height: 100%; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle { border-bottom-right-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; } .collapsible-content .content-inner { background: rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.2); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.45); border-bottom-left-radius: 7px; border-bottom-right-radius: 7px; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } .collapsible-content p { margin-bottom: 0; } --></style> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bd1626f53eb54d1d983b103399e7081a"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@bd1626f53eb54d1d983b103399e7081a" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli</h4> <p>Tibbiy modelga ko’ra nogironlik insonning salomatlik holati, kasallik yoki travma natijasida kelib chiqadi. Va bu o’z o’rnida insonning fiziologik yoki kognitiv funktsiyasi buzishiga olib keladi. Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli inson nima qila olmasligi va bo'la olmasligiga e’tiborni qaratadi.</p> <p>Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli “har qanday nogironlikni tuzatish yoki davolash kerak” degan fikr ilgari surish bilan ustunlik qilib kelardi (va endi eskirgan deb hisoblanadi).</p> <p>Bundan tashqari, u shaxsning ehtiyojlariga e'tibor qaratish o'rniga, u faqat nogironlik va nogironlikni tibbiy davolashga qaratilgan.</p> <p>Agar davolash imkonsiz deb topilsa, u holda shaxs jamiyatdan ajratib, muassasa yoki maxsus maktabga olib ketiladi.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli</h3> <div id="video_49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;true&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:kmAfpmGO7DU&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="49a88dbb7a7d4b5cb4d9820414ee881b"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@2b3afdd559c54c6589c95a50b1971498"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@2b3afdd559c54c6589c95a50b1971498" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Nogironlikning xayriya modeli</h4> <p>Xayriya modeli tibbiy modelning bir qismidir, chunki ular ikkalasi ham nogironlarni "yordamga" muhtoj deb "ko'radilar". Xayr-ehson nuqtai nazaridan, nogironlikni fojia sifatida ko'rish va nogironlarga achinish mumkin.</p> <p>Ko'pgina xayriya tashkilotlari hayot uchun zarur yordamni taklif qilsa-da, ko'plab an'anaviy mablag' to’plash harakatlari nogironlarni nochorligiga e’tiborni qaratadi va oqibatda, ularning erkinligini, mustaqilligi va huquqlariga tahdid soladi. Bu ko'pincha ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan qabul qilingan model.</p> <p>Ommaviy axborot vositalari nogironlikni kuchaytirish, nogironlikning tibbiy modelidan foydalanish, nogironlik stereotiplarini yaratish va ulardan foydalanishni asoslash, tashkilotlar yoki xodimlarning salbiy ta'siri, tasvirlar va atamalardan foydalanish orqali nogironlarni kamsitishga sezilarli ta'sir qiladi.</p> <p>1991 yilda Pol Xant tomonidan olib borilgan tadqiqotda ommaviy axborot vositalari nogironlarni tasvirlashda foydalanilgan 10 ta stereotip aniqlangan. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi;</p> <ol> <li>Nogiron odam achinarli</li> <li>Qiziqish yoki zo'ravonlik ob'ekti</li> <li>Yovuzlik yoki yomonlik</li> <li>Cho'loq</li> <li>"Atmosfera"ga o'xshaydi</li> <li>Kulgili</li> <li>“Uning eng ashaddiy dushmani”</li> <li>Yuk/boqimanda</li> <li>Jinsiy aloqaga yaramaydigan</li> <li>Kundalik hayotda ishtirok eta olmaydigan</li> </ol> <p>Video: Nogironlikning Televideniye va filmlarda ko’rinish. Batafsil ma'lumot olish uchun videoni tomosha qilamiz.<a href=" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX3r9gyZzCE"> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX3r9gyZzCE</a></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-6" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Nogironlikning Televideniye va filmlarda ko’rinishi</h3> <div id="video_7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;true&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:UX3r9gyZzCE&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="7e5b3dda42e04e0ebb90adc2e4d3a916"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-7" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@933da56afed34e73a6722faa353bf145"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@933da56afed34e73a6722faa353bf145" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli</h4> <p>Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeliga ko'ra, nogironlik tushunchasi jamiyat tarafidan qurilgan. Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli nogironlikning tibbiy modelidan farq qiladi. Nogironlikning tibbiy modeliga ko'ra, nogironlik - bu tibbiy mutaxassislar shug'ullanadigan sog'liq holati. Nogiron odamlar odatdagidan farq qiladi yoki boshqacha qilib aytganda, <strong>g'ayritabiiy</strong> hisoblanadi.</p> <p>Nogironlikka jamiyatning emas, balki alohida shaxsning muammosi sifatida qaraladi</p> <p>Ijtimoiy model nogironlikni tana funktsiyasi buzilgan insonlar va jismoniy, munosabat, muloqot va ijtimoiy to'siqlar bilan to'ldirilgan muhit o'rtasidagi o'zaro ta'sir natijasi sifatida ko'radi. Demak, u tana funktsiyasi buzilgan insonlarning jamiyatda boshqa odamlar bilan teng ravishda ishtirok etishi uchun jismoniy, munosabat, muloqot va ijtimoiy muhit o'zgarishi kerak degan ma'noni anglatadi.</p> <p>Ijtimoiy model tana funktsiyasi buzilishi rostligini yoki uning insonga ta'sirini inkor etmaydi. Biroq, u jismoniy muhit, munosabatlar, aloqa va ijtimoiy muhitni tana funktsiyasi buzilgan insonga nisbatan salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatmaslikka chaqiradi, chunki tana funktsiyasi buzilishiga insoniyat xilma-xilligining kutilgan hodisasi sifatida qaralashini ilgari suradi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/ec35ba42ecba1abb8a69dbbe35c95264/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_share_link_qtxe.png" alt="The Social Model of disability" /></p> <p>Ijtimoiy model tana funktsiyasi buzilgan insonlar extiyojlari qondirilishi uchun jamiyatni o'zgartirishga intiladi. U tana funktsiyasi buzilgan insonlarni mavjud jamiyatga moslashtirishni ilgari surmaydi. Bu nogironlar hamma bilan teng ravishda to'liq ishtirok etuvchi fuqarolar bo'lish huquqiga ega degan fikrni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli endi nogironlikni tushunish va hal qilishning xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan yondoshuvi hisoblanadi.</p> <p>Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Nogironlar huquqlari to'g'risidagi konventsiyasi nogironlarga nisbatan munosabatning va nogironlik muammolariga yondashuvni o'zgarishini rasman belgilaydi. Nogironlar xayriya, davolanish va ijtimoiy himoya ob'ekti emas, balki huquqlarga ega bo'lgan, ushbu huquqlarni talab qilishga qodir, o'zlarining erkin va ongli roziligi asosida o'z hayoti uchun qaror qabul qilishga qodir, jamiyatning faol a'zosi bo'lgan sub'ektlardir.</p> <p>Shu nuqtai nazardan, tana funktsiyasi buzilishi nogironlikka olib keladigan tibbiy holat bo'lsa, nogironlik esa jismoniy, munosabat, muloqot va ijtimoiy muhitda mavjud bo'lgan to'siqlarning tana funktsiyasi buzilishi bilan o'zaro kesishish natijasidir. Masalan, odamning binoga o‘zi kirishiga to‘sqinlik qiladigan narsa yura olmaslik emas, balki binoning oldida zinapoyalar bo‘lishi, nogironlar aravachasidagi odamning binoga kirishi mumkin emasligidir.</p> <p>Masalan, odamning binoga o‘zi kirishiga to‘sqinlik qiladigan narsa yura olmaslik emas, balki binoning oldida zinapoyalar bo‘lishi, nogironlar aravachasidagi odamning binoga kirishi mumkin emasligidir.</p> <p>Nogironlikning tibbiy va ijtimoiy modellari o'rtasidagi faqrni yanada batafsilroq tushunish uchun quyidagi maqola bilan tanishish maqsadga muvofiq: <a href="http://istiqbol.blogspot.com/2013/05/blog-post.html" target="[object Object]">Nogironlik modellarining to'qnashuvi</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-8" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli</h3> <div id="video_1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;true&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:Qhwnrthy9gc&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="1543d6e8bd7d42c6935014edff7b6e33"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-9" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@33f4b80801a14318bba5ec5795a9123b"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@33f4b80801a14318bba5ec5795a9123b" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h4>Nogironlikning inson xilma-xilligi modeli</h4> <p>"Amsterdam, Parij va Rim kabi Yevropa shaharlari yuzlab tillar, lahjalar va urg‘ularga o‘rganib qolgan. Yevropada bo'lganimda, mening karligimni aniq ko'rsatadigan ovozim ajablantirmaydi, xijolat qildirmaydi va noqulaylik tug'dirmaydi. Men yana bitta boshqacha ovozman holos. Men gapirganimda, men qit'adagi yuzlab tillardan biri sifatida qaralaman. Bu insonning xilma-xilligi. Farqlarni qabul qilish odatiy holdir. Qo'shma Shtatlarda unchalik ko'p emas, bu yerda mening kar inson sifatidagi “ovozim” meni ajratib qo’yadi, bu meni g'ayritabiiy odam sifatida cheklaydi va shaxsiyatimni tegadi.", Maykl Shvarts</p> <p><em>1980-yillarning oʻrtalaridan boshlab Avstraliya kabi mamlakatlarda qonunlar qamoqqa olish g’oyasi asosida emas, balki huquqqa asoslangan g’oyani oʻz ichiga olgan va ijtimoiy adolat va kamsitish masalalarini hal etishga qaratilgan g’oyalar asosida qabul qilindi. Qonunchilik nogironlikka individual tibbiy muammo sifatida qaralishidan jamiyatning ishtirokchisi va bandlik, ta'lim va madaniy hordiq kabi ijtimoiy imkoniyatlardan adolatli foydalanishga o'tishni qamrab oldi.</em></p> <p><em>1980-yillarda nogironlar siyosiy ovozga ega bo'lishga intilishlari sababli, asosiy e'tibor qaramlikdan mustaqillikka o'tdi. Nogironlar faolligi, shuningdek, qonunchilikni ishlab chiqish va qabul qilishga yordam berdi va ko'plab odamlar uchun imtiyozlar mavjud bo'ldi. Biroq, nogironlikning huquqqa asoslangan modeli qo'shimcha huquqlarni rivojlantirishga yordam bergan bo'lsa-da, nogironlik g'oyasini shakllantirish usulini o'zgartirmadi. "Yomon genlar" yoki "g'ayritabiiylik" stigmasi hali ham e'tirozsiz qolmoqda va jamiyat g'oyasi hali ham tushunarsizligicha qolmoqda</em> - <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/changesintheviewsofdisability/models-of-disability"> https://sites.google.com/site/changesintheviewsofdisability/models-of-disability</a></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-10" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9926917047fe4e5db05a5701458939ce"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@9926917047fe4e5db05a5701458939ce" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Hayotiy hodisa:</h3> <p>Mark 32 yoshda va ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasida kompyuter dasturchisi sifatida ishlaydi. U 21 yoshida avtohalokatga uchragan va natijada pastki oyoq qismi amputatsiya qilingan. U yaqin atrofga chiqqanda motorli skuterdan foydalanadi va moslashtirilgan furgonni boshqaradi. Uning ikkinchi yo’ldosh kasalligi bor - 2-toifa qandli diabet. Shifokorlarga tashrif buyurganida, Markning nogironligi shifokorlar tomonidan qanday qabul qilinganligi uning muolaja olishiga ta'sir qiladi.</p> <p><img width="90%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/08257d21dbc99bdac977254061e231c3/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_personal_notes_8n63.png" alt="Case Study: Mark" /></p> <p>Uning endokrinologi Markning jismoniy nogironligini uning sog'lom hayot kechirishiga xalaqit beradigan kasallik yoki nuqson deb biladi (Nogironlikning tibbiy modeli) va u nogironligi bo'lmagan odamga tavsiya etiladigan parhez va jismoniy mashqlar dasturi kabi choralarni tavsiya etmaydi.</p> <p>Birlamchi tibbiy yordam shifokorida tibbiy tekshjruv uchun qulay stol yo’q yoki Markning skuteri bemalol o’tishi uchun keng yo’lak yo’q. Shifokor Markni imtihon stoliga chiqish qiyinligini Mark nogironligi natijasida duch keladigan funktsional cheklov (Nogironlikning funktsional modeli) deb biladi.</p> <p>Uning dietologi diabet kasalligini tuzatish uchun parhez va mashqlar dasturini tavsiya qiladi, ammo uning mahalliy sport zaliga nogironlar kirishi mumkin emas. Bu uning muntazam mashg'ulotlariga to'sqinlik qiladi (Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli).</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-11" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@6dbaa47b6439441cb3f4a4316b1e1bd7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@6dbaa47b6439441cb3f4a4316b1e1bd7" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Nogironlik inson huquqlari masalasi</h3> <p>Nogironlikning ijtimoiy modeli nogironlikka huquqlarga asoslangan yondashuv va nogironlar huquqlarini himoya qilish uchun zamin yaratdi.</p> <p>Ijtimoiy model va inson huquqlari yondashuvi o'rtasida farq mavjud. Ijtimoiy model nogironlikning sababchisi sifatida tanadagi buzilishni ayblovchi qarashdan voz kechib, nogironlarni yakkalaydigan va ajratadigan ijtimoiy siyosat, amaliyot va tartiblarga barham beradi..</p> <p>Huquqlarga asoslangan yondoshuv:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Sh</strong>axsning nogironligini inson xilma-xilligining xususiyati sifatida tan oladi va hurmat qiladi, va inson huquqlaridan foydalanish yo'lidagi noto'g'ri qarashlar, munosabatlar va boshqa to'siqlarni bartaraf qiladi.</li> <li><strong>N</strong>ogironlarni boshqa barcha insonlar bilan teng huquq egalari va inson huquqlari qonunining sub'ektlari sifatida belgilaydi</li> <li><strong>N</strong>ogironlarning inson huquqlarini ta'minlash uchun jamiyat va davlat zimmasiga mas'uliyat yuklaydi</li> </ul> <p>Siz keyingi modulda nogironlikka inson huquqlariga asoslangan yondashuv haqida ko'proq bilib olasiz.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@vertical+block@e1b6c17578b940ec93157e58f14c1161" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@d5f3a64364fd4645bf6fa100f930f8aa"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@d5f3a64364fd4645bf6fa100f930f8aa" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Salom! Ushbu bo'limga xush kelibsiz!</h3> <p>Tanishing, Maykl Shvarts - huquqshunos va huquq bo'yicha professor, sizga o'z hikoyasini aytib beradi.</p> <p><em>(Eslatma: Videoni ijro etish davomida taglavhalarni ushbu <span class="fa fa-cc" fa-2x="" aria-hidden="true" title="CC"> </span> belgidan foydalanib o'chirib qo'yishingiz va yoqishingiz mumkin.)</em></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Video</h3> <div id="video_0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1" class="video closed" data-metadata='{&#34;autoAdvance&#34;: false, &#34;autohideHtml5&#34;: false, &#34;autoplay&#34;: false, &#34;captionDataDir&#34;: null, &#34;completionEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;completionPercentage&#34;: 0.95, &#34;duration&#34;: 0.0, &#34;end&#34;: 0.0, &#34;generalSpeed&#34;: 1.0, &#34;lmsRootURL&#34;: &#34;https://elearning.osce.org&#34;, &#34;poster&#34;: null, &#34;prioritizeHls&#34;: false, &#34;publishCompletionUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1/handler/publish_completion&#34;, &#34;recordedYoutubeIsAvailable&#34;: true, &#34;savedVideoPosition&#34;: 0.0, &#34;saveStateEnabled&#34;: false, &#34;saveStateUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state&#34;, &#34;showCaptions&#34;: &#34;true&#34;, &#34;sources&#34;: [], &#34;speed&#34;: null, &#34;start&#34;: 0.0, &#34;streams&#34;: &#34;1.00:cquTYb8oIJo&#34;, &#34;transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1/handler/transcript/available_translations&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguage&#34;: &#34;en&#34;, &#34;transcriptLanguages&#34;: {&#34;en&#34;: &#34;English&#34;, &#34;uz&#34;: &#34;\u040e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043a&#34;}, &#34;transcriptTranslationUrl&#34;: &#34;/courses/course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04/xblock/block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@video+block@0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__&#34;, &#34;ytApiUrl&#34;: &#34;https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api&#34;, &#34;ytMetadataEndpoint&#34;: &#34;&#34;, &#34;ytTestTimeout&#34;: 1500}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="0965e74e256c42e58149d96587b01de1"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. 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Shundan so‘ng men yana bir yarim yil, deyarli ikki yil Nyu-York shtatining bosh prokuratura deb ataladigan yuridik boshqarmasida ishladim.</p> <p>Keyin men huquqshunoslik magistrini olish uchun yana o’qishga kirdim va Manxetten yaqinidagi ilg'or yuridik firmaning reklamasini ko'rdim. Bu firma ayollar va har-hil irqdagi insonlar bilan ishlaydi, shuning uchun menga ilg’or firmadek tuyuldi. Xullas, men ularga avvalgidek barcha yutuqlarim ro‘yxati bilan ishga ariza jo‘natdim. Bosh prokuraturada ishlayotganimni, huquqshunoslik magistri darajasini olganimni ham qo‘shib qo‘ydim.</p> <p>Bu safar men kar ekanligimni aytmadim. Men barcha yutuqlarimni sanab o'tdim va, albatta, suhbatga kelish taklifini oldim. Shunday qilib, men yaxshi kiyinib, biznes kostyumi, galstuk, va portfel bilan suhbatga kirdim. Meni xodim kutib oldi, biz qo'l berib ko'rishdik va men unga: "Men karman, lekin xavotir olmang, men lablar harakatidan tushuna olaman gaplarni.", dedim. U hayratda qoldi. U nima qilishni bilmasdi, men shunchaki jilmayib qo'ydim. Biz uning kabinetiga kirdik, o'tirdik va u telefonni ko'tardi.</p> <p>U qo'ng'iroq qildimi yoki unga qo'ng'iroq qilishdimi, bilmayman. U menga orqasini o‘girib, yigirma daqiqa meni kuttirdi. Yigirma daqiqadan so'ng u o'girilib, go'shakni qo'ydi va: "Bizda bo'sh ish joy yo'q, lekin kelganingiz uchun rahmat", dedi. U o'rnidan turib, qo'limdan ushlab, meni tashqariga olib chiqib kuzatib yubordi. Sekin jahlim chiqdi, tashqariga chiqdim va asabim qattiq buzila boshladi.</p> <p>Shunday qilib, men unga yaxshi maktub yozdim, va maktubda u ikkiyuzlamachi, ayollar va turli irq vakillariga nisbatan ilg'or bo’lishi mumkin, lekin karlarga nisbatan ilg'or emasligini yozdim. Xo'sh, bu hikoyadan qanday xulosa olish kerak? Bilmayman, sizdan so'rayman. Xo'sh, mening karligimni oshkor qilib 135 marta rad javobini olish to’g’rimi yoki oshkor qilmasdan suhbatga taklif etilib baribir rad olish to’g’rimi?</p> <p>Nima deb o’ylaysiz, men nima qilishim kerak edi?</p> </div> </div> </div> <style><!-- input[type="checkbox"] { display: none; } .wrap-collabsible { margin: 1.2rem 0; } .lbl-toggle { display: block; font-weight: bold; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; padding: 1rem; color: #ddd; background: #1b8ffa; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 7px; transition: all 0.25s ease-out; } .lbl-toggle:hover { color: #fff; } .lbl-toggle::before { content: " "; display: inline-block; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid currentColor; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.7rem; transform: translateY(-2px); transition: transform 0.2s ease-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle::before { transform: rotate(90deg) translateX(-3px); } .collapsible-content { max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.25s ease-in-out; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle + .collapsible-content { max-height: 100%; } .toggle:checked + .lbl-toggle { border-bottom-right-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; } .collapsible-content .content-inner { background: rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.2); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 105, 255, 0.45); border-bottom-left-radius: 7px; border-bottom-right-radius: 7px; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } .collapsible-content p { margin-bottom: 0; } --></style> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@3ee4efc3c9da413f90578f171e0c7d64"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@html+block@3ee4efc3c9da413f90578f171e0c7d64" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p><img width="50%" src="//d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/4e4335d0f199b858758d58cb1a1a4e20/asset-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@asset+block/undraw_check_boxes_m3d0.png" alt="Quiz" /></p> <p></p> <p>Ajoyib! Siz ushbu modulni tugatdingiz.</p> <p>Keling, hozirgacha nimani o'rganganingizni tekshiramiz.</p> <p></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@c3ec3ab25cce44d08aa04d2aaac5086e"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@c3ec3ab25cce44d08aa04d2aaac5086e" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 1 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@8cc8dfce58c643a3a24363915682c3ba"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@8cc8dfce58c643a3a24363915682c3ba" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 2 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-6" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@237f0fb20b6242da90e0113435ce4d20"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@237f0fb20b6242da90e0113435ce4d20" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 3 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-7" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@3dfb8c89acb54e0ba685abe10fc34e79"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@3dfb8c89acb54e0ba685abe10fc34e79" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 4 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-8" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@f2786478db63404bad3e30d22b5d1284"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@f2786478db63404bad3e30d22b5d1284" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 5 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-9" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@49044ff07c3e4d2f80385b22e3d77801"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@49044ff07c3e4d2f80385b22e3d77801" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 6 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-10" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@8d545f3a6ea44ece99fc44c13111716c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@8d545f3a6ea44ece99fc44c13111716c" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 7 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-11" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@d46474a6fab84c0ca22edcbb02435a98"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@d46474a6fab84c0ca22edcbb02435a98" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 8 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-12" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@0844390428d146a9a9c759bde8c2c61c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+HD-RPD-UZ+2022_04+type@problem+block@0844390428d146a9a9c759bde8c2c61c" data-request-token="348b9d7a6e4b11efada792637d3b11d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Savol 9 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>