General Introduction | Module 2 - Critical Infrastructure Fundamentals | CriticalEnergyNetworks101 Courseware

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@vertical+block@aaf62251362449a082b8a7e457e68ab5" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@3871420602c24d6195a3c105b825aa1b"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@3871420602c24d6195a3c105b825aa1b" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style>  </style> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 20pt !important; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important;">Critical Infrastructure Fundamentals</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14pt !important; color: black; font-weight: bold !important; font-style: italic !important;">“Infrastructure is the backbone of economic growth. It improves access to basic services such as clean water and electricity, creates jobs and boosts business”</span> – Alok Sharma, President of the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference</p> <p>Critical infrastructure are complex systems that may affect the security and resilience of critical energy infrastructure.</p> <p>This module serves as an introduction to critical infrastructure systems and seeks to provide students with fundamental operational characteristics of critical energy infrastructure and other lifeline infrastructure systems (i.e., communications, water, and transportation).</p> <p><span style="color: #003478;">Check the following video to see why it is important to consider critical infrastructure when conducting a risk analysis.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@0da3ccfa61b14617a76e1453d413b0e7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@0da3ccfa61b14617a76e1453d413b0e7" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style> </style> <p style="text-align: center"><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/575278264" width="640" height="564" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@984a82fba46f414ea1703d31cd3e2d22"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@984a82fba46f414ea1703d31cd3e2d22" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style> </style> <p><span style="font-size: 13pt !important; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;">Topics and Learning Objectives</span></p> <p>Upon completion of this module, the trainee will have a general understanding of critical infrastructure and lifeline infrastructure systems. The following table presents an overview of the topics and learning objectives for this module.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid black; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"> <b>Topics</b> </th> <th style="border: 1px solid black; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;"> <b>Learning Objectives</b> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; color: black; font-weight: normal;"> <ul> <li>Definitions of Critical Infrastructure</li> <li>Critical Infrastructure Taxonomies</li> <li>Lifeline Infrastructure Operations</li> <li>Threat landscape</li> </ul> </td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; color: black; font-weight: normal; background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30);"> <ul> <li>Explain what constitute a critical infrastructure</li> <li>Understand the general operations of lifeline infrastructure sectors (i.e., energy, communications, water, and transportation)</li> <li>Understand the factors influencing the operations of critical infrastructure systems (e.g., threat landscape, dependencies)</li> <li>Identify the bases from which to identify priority sectors and assets</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@e9315ee2df4e45078a6e7c96dacc3a5c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@e9315ee2df4e45078a6e7c96dacc3a5c" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style> </style> <div> <p>To achieve these objectives, this module is subdivided into seven sections:</p> <ul> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 1</b></span> presents a discussion among experts on the importance of understanding infrastructure systems for enhancing the protection and resilience of critical energy infrastructure.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 2</b></span> provides worldwide definitions of critical infrastructure and examples of critical infrastructure taxonomies.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 3</b></span> provides an overview of the operations, dependencies and risk factors of the energy sector.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 4</b></span> provides an overview of the operations, dependencies and risk factors of the communications and information technology sectors.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 5</b></span> provides an overview of the operations, dependencies and risk factors of the transportation systems sector.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 6</b></span> provides an overview of the operations, dependencies and risk factors of the water and wastewater systems sector.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 7</b></span> introduces the concept of critical functions.</li> <li><span style="color:#003478;"><b>Section 8</b></span> summarizes the important concepts presented in the Critical Infrastructure Fundamentals module.</li> </ul> <p>At the end of the module, students will find a quiz to test their knowledge and to determine whether they need to review any of Critical Infrastructure fundamentals.<br/><br/>Finally, additional readings are also proposed to deepen their knowledge on critical infrastructure systems.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@vertical+block@ced409f5bfaf481b893b6d837fff3bfb" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@147680813c964596acb2a6e3d0da9d65"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@147680813c964596acb2a6e3d0da9d65" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style></style> <p>Since the end of the 1990s, several countries have developed policies to enhance the protection and resilience of critical infrastructure. But to define the best way to protect them against natural and manmade hazards, it is important to first understand what is a critical infrastructure.</p> <p><span style="font-size: 13pt !important; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;">What is a critical infrastructure?</span></p> <p>There is no universal definition of critical infrastructure. There are as many definitions of critical infrastructure as there are countries that have developed specific policies for their protection. The following table shows some of these definitions.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: #003478; color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><b>Critical Infrastructure Definitions </b><a href="https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php/Critical_Infrastructure" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;">(CIPedia, 2021)</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Canada</b><br /><center><a href="https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/crtcl-nfrstrctr/cci-iec-en.aspx" target="_blank">(Public Safety Canada, 2021)</a></center></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 2px solid #0088c6; padding: 15px; width: 300px; ">Processes, systems, facilities, technologies, networks, assets, and services essential to the health, safety, security or economic well-being of Canadians and the effective functioning of government.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>European Union</b><br /><center><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:345:0075:0082:EN:PDF" target="_blank">(Directive 2008/114/EC, Articles 2 and 3)</a></center></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 300px; ">European critical infrastructure (ECI) means an asset, system or part thereof located on EU territory, which is essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact on at least two Member States, as result of the failure to maintain those functions.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Slovak Republic</b><br /><center><a href="https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php/Critical_Infrastructure" target="_blank">(CIPedia, 2021)</a></center></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 300px; ">Part of national infrastructure (selected organizations and institutions, objects, systems, facilities, services and systems) whose destruction or malfunction due to the risk factor endangers or disrupts the political and economic functioning of the state or endangers the life and health of the population.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United Kingdom</b><br /><center><a href="https://www.cpni.gov.uk/critical-national-infrastructure-0" target="_blank">(CPNI, 2021)</a></center></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 300px; ">Facilities, systems, sites, information, people, networks, and processes necessary for a country to function and upon which daily life depends.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United States</b><br /><center><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-107publ56/pdf/PLAW-107publ56.pdf" target="_blank">(USA Patriot Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)))</a></center></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 300px; ">Critical infrastructure describes the physical and cyber systems and assets that are so vital to the United States that their incapacity or destruction would have a debilitating impact on our physical or economic security or public health or safety.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Depending on the countries, policies will use the terms "critical infrastructure," "Critical National Infrastructure," "Critical Facilities," or "Vital Infrastructure." Although the terminology and definitions may vary among countries, they all present some common elements:</p> <ul> <li>they are physical or virtual organizations, facilities, processes, or assets;</li> <li>they support the population's needs and the functioning of societies;</li> <li>their disruption will lead to undesired consequences.</li> </ul> <p>The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) offers a definition that summarizes these key elements: <i><span style="color: #003478;"><b> Critical Infrastructure are “the physical structures, facilities, networks and other assets which provide services that are essential to the social and economic functioning of a community or society."</b></span></i><a href="https://www.undrr.org/terminology/critical-infrastructure" target="_blank">(UNDRR, 2021)</a></p> <p>Like their definition, the types of Sectors that constitute a critical infrastructure also vary among countries.</p> <p><span style="font-size: 13pt !important; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;">What are the critical infrastructure sectors?</span></p> <p>Critical infrastructure are primarily owned or operated by the private sector. They are increasingly interconnected and they operate in an all-hazards environment. In their report on <a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/ee7bc35f-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/ee7bc35f-en" target="_blank">"Good Governance for Critical Infrastructure Resilience"</a>, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has defined that 89% of OECD countries have a national strategy program but sectors and definitions differ across countries.<br /><br /> The following table shows an overview of the number of critical infrastructure sectors by country.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: #003478; color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" colspan="5"><b>Number of Critical Infrastructure Sectors </b><a href="https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php/Critical_Infrastructure_Sector" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;">(CIPedia, 2021)</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Austria</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Belgium</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Canada</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Croatia</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Czech Republic</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">13 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">4 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">10 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">11 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">9 Sectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Denmark</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Estonia</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Finland</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>France</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Germany</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">10 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">9 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">7 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">12 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">9 Sectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Netherlands</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Norway</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Poland</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Slovak Republic</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Slovenia</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">11 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">6 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">10 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">9 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">8 Sectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Spain</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Sweden</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Switzerland</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Turkey</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United Kingdom</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">12 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">11 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">10 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">6 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">9 Sectors</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United States</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>European Union</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">16 Sectors</td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">2 Sectors</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The following table shows examples of critical infrastructure taxonomies by country.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background-color: #003478; color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" colspan="5"><b>Critical Infrastructure Sector Taxonomies </b><a href="https://websites.fraunhofer.de/CIPedia/index.php/Critical_Infrastructure_Sector" target="_blank"><span style="color: white;">(CIPedia, 2021)</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Canada</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>European Union</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>Slovak Republic</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United Kingdom</b></td> <td style="background-color: rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><b>United States</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><ol style="font-weight: bold !important; color: #003478;"> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Energy and Utilities</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Finance</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Food</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Government</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Health</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Information and Communication Technology</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Manufacturing</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Safety</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Transportation</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Water</span></li> </ol></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><ol style="font-weight: bold !important; color: #003478;"> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Energy</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Transport</span></li> </ol></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><ol style="font-weight: bold !important; color: #003478;"> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Energy</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Transport</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Food</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Drinking Water</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Health</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Financial Sector</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Information and Communication</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Public Order and Internal Security</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Industry</span></li> </ol></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><ol style="font-weight: bold !important; color: #003478;"> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Communications</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Emergency Services</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Energy</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Financial Services</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Food</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Government</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Health</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Transport</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Coast Guard</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Chemicals</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Civil Nuclear</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Space</span></li> </ol></td> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width: 20%; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><ol style="font-weight: bold !important; color: #003478;"> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Chemical</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Commercial Facilities</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Communications</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Critical Manufacturing</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Dams</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Defense Industrial Base</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Emergency Services</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Energy</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Financial Services</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Food and Agriculture</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Government Facilities</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Healthcare and Public Health</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Information Technology</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Transportation Systems</span></li> <li><span style="font-weight: normal; color: black;">Water and Wastewater Systems</span></li> </ol></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Some sectors are relatively common to all taxonomies:</p> <ul> <li>Communications and information technology</li> <li>Energy networks</li> <li>Finance</li> <li>Food and agriculture</li> <li>Health</li> <li>Transportation systems</li> <li>Water and wastewater systems</li> </ul> <p>These sectors mostly represent the facilities and systems that provide the resources to fulfil human basic needs (i.e., physiological needs). The most common sectors of all taxonomies are the energy sector and other utility systems, which are also named lifeline sectors (i.e., communications, energy, transportation, and water systems) because they supply resources to not only the population but also to all other critical infrastructure sectors.<br /><br /> The following sections of this module provide a general overview of the four lifeline sectors.</p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@vertical+block@f16008b24e8041edad5040eba437b766" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@3faa036576834be689f420c1617bf9c1"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@3faa036576834be689f420c1617bf9c1" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style></style> <p>In recent years, a new trend has emerged in security policies: the notion of critical functions. How do they differ from critical infrastructure and what is their importance for risk management and the protection and resilience of energy networks?<br/> <p><span style="font-size: 13pt !important; color: #003478; font-weight: bold !important; text-decoration: underline !important;">What is a critical function?</span></p> <p>The notion of critical functions appeared relatively recently with the emergence of the concept of resilience and the observation that critical infrastructures constitute a system-of-systems that supports societal functions. Like critical infrastructure systems, there is no universal definition of critical infrastructure. However, the following table illustrates various concepts of critical functions and examples of existing approaches.</p> <table> <tr> <td style="background-color:#003478; color: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;" colspan="2"><b>Critical Functions Concepts </b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;"><b>United States</b><br/><span style="color: #003478;"><center><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/national-critical-functions" target="_blank">(Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, 2021)</a></center></span></td> <td style="background-color:white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:300px; "><b><u>National Critical Functions</u></b><br/><br/>National Critical Functions are the functions of government and the private sector so vital to the United States that their disruption, corruption, or dysfunction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof. The functions were developed in coordination with sector and state, local, tribal and territorial partners, and enable the critical infrastructure community to analyze complex challenges that cannot be easily identified, understood, or examined within the existing risk management structures for cyber and physical infrastructure.<br/> There are 55 National Critical Functions organized into four areas:<br/> <ul> <li><b>Connections</b> by technologies that enable critical communications and capabilities to send and receive data (e.g., internet connectivity).</li> <li><b>Distribution</b> methods that allow the movement of goods, people, and utilities inside and outside the United States (e.g., electricity distribution or cargo transportation).</li> <li><b>Management</b> processes that ensure our national security and public health and safety (e.g., management of hazardous material or national emergencies).</li> <li><b>Supplies</b> of materials, goods and services that secure our economy (e.g., clean water, housing, and research and development).</li> </ul> <p>The list of National Critical Functions is available <a href="https://www.cisa.gov/national-critical-functions-set" target="_blank">here</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;"><b>Canada</b><br/><span style="color: #003478;"><center><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:345:0075:0082:EN:PDF" target="_blank">(Public Safety Canada, 2021)</a></center></span></td> <td style="background-color:white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:300px;"><b><u>Essential Services and Functions</u></b><br/><br/>Public Safety Canada has developed a set of functions deemed essential in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to help provinces/territories, Indigenous communities, and municipalities protect their communities while maintaining the reliable operation of critical infrastructure services and functions to ensure the health, safety, and economic well-being of the population. These services and functions can also help the private sector self-identify as essential.<br/><br/> These functions include the functions performed by first responders, health care workers, critical infrastructure workers (e.g., hydro and natural gas), and workers who are essential to supply critical goods such as food and medicines.<br/><br/> Public Safety Canada, in consultation with industry representatives, has defined a set of essential services and functions for each of their 10 critical infrastructure sectors. This list is available <a href="https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/crtcl-nfrstrctr/esf-sfe-en.aspx/" target="_blank">here</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:rgba(0,136,198,.30); border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:100px; vertical-align: middle; text-align:center;"><b>European Union</b><br/><span style="color: #003478;"><center><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/banking-and-finance/financial-supervision-and-risk-management/managing-risks-banks-and-financial-institutions/bank-recovery-and-resolution_en" target="_blank">(Directive 2014/59/EU, 2014)</a></center></span></td> <td style="background-color:white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 15px; width:300px;"><b><u>Critical Functions</u></b><br/><br/>Critical functions are defined in Article 2(1)(35) of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2014/59/EU as “activities, services or operations the discontinuance of which is likely in one or more Member States, to lead to the disruption of services that are essential to the real economy or to disrupt financial stability due to the size, market share, external and internal interconnectedness, complexity or cross-border activities of an institution or group, with particular regard to the substitutability of those activities, services or operations”.<br/><br/>Critical functions hence play an important role in the real economy and/or in the financial system. They are not only important for the institutions providing the services, but also for the broader economy of a particular region or Member State.<br/><br/>The Single Resolution Board (SRB), which is the central resolution authority within the Banking Union, proposes a process to identify and assess critical functions. The SRB approach is available <a href="https://www.srb.europa.eu/en/system/files?file=media/document/critical_functions_final.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>. </td> </tr> </table> <p>As shown in the table above the notion of critical functions relate to the need for business continuity and continuity of operations of various critical infrastructure systems (e.g., lifeline sectors, banking and finance) facing evolving threat landscapes (e.g., COVID 19 pandemic). This notion of critical functions is closely linked to the concepts of societal resilience.<br/><br/>Instead of focusing primarily on physical assets and facilities, the identification of critical functions allows to:</p> <ul> <li> capture cross-cutting, cross-sector risks and associated dependences that may have cascading impacts within and across sectors.</li> <li> more effectively capture risks to supply chain security and resilience.</li> <li> more effectively assess major cybersecurity issues.</li> </ul> <p>Considering the critical infrastructure system-of-systems through a functional lens allows for a holistic and comprehensive risk analysis that integrate the inherent complexity of critical infrastructure systems and the evolution of the threats landscape.</p> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@vertical+block@f9824b995f2946b79c6340e1491bc267" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@6ff9269531414d58a727bb84bae8d5c7"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@html+block@6ff9269531414d58a727bb84bae8d5c7" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <style></style> <div>The following learning quiz will help you test your understanding of the important elements presented in the Critical Infrastructure Fundamentals module.<br/><br/> The test includes five questions.<br/><br/> <p style="color: #003478;">In case you make a mistake while answering a question, <span style="text-decoration: underline !important;">go back to the corresponding sections to review the concepts presented.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@3c3ca0ca96f246c0a5c1404e43ea3374"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@3c3ca0ca96f246c0a5c1404e43ea3374" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Question 1 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@678a302d9b8f45d0a78c91c4e56e33e1"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@678a302d9b8f45d0a78c91c4e56e33e1" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Question 2 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@07249736bfd4481396422a0ae182d3c2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@07249736bfd4481396422a0ae182d3c2" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Question 3 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@f40884f46f004697ab64968e4854ec26"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@f40884f46f004697ab64968e4854ec26" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Question 4 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@e797cb6218a54e59aaf917a02ea68b59"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021" data-block-type="problem" data-usage-id="block-v1:OSCE+CriticalEnergyNetworks101+2021+type@problem+block@e797cb6218a54e59aaf917a02ea68b59" data-request-token="fdea78e26e4811ef8e3eb205ffb562b0" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True"> <div class="page-banner"><div class="alert alert-warning"><span class="icon icon-alert fa fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></span><div class="message-content">Question 5 is only accessible to enrolled learners. Sign in or register, and enroll in this course to view it.</div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function (require) { require(['https://d24jp206mxeyfm.cloudfront.net/static/js/dateutil_factory.a28baef97506.js?raw'], function () { require(['js/dateutil_factory'], function (DateUtilFactory) { DateUtilFactory.transform('.localized-datetime'); }); }); }).call(this, require || RequireJS.require); </script> <script> function emit_event(message) { parent.postMessage(message, '*'); } </script> </div>